Searching for High Energy Muonic Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts Using AMANDA Title A.J. Carver University of Wisconsin – Madison Advisors: Prof. Bob Morse & Mike Stamatikos August 7, 2003 acarver@wisc.edu

Neutrinos - A New Window On Astronomy The 21st Century will feature Neutrino Astronomy with AMANDA/IceCube!

We hope to make this discovery Discovering High Energy Muonic Neutrinos from GRBs would be VERY SIGNIFICANT Confirm hadron acceleration in the relativistic GRB wind Validate the FIREBALL MODEL phenomenology Provide an acceleration mechanism for the highest energy cosmic rays We hope to make this discovery Significance

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – The Past 30 yrs Discovered in 1969 by Vela nuclear test detection satellites (Klebesadal, et al., 1973) Bursts of Gamma-Rays NOT from Sun or Earth Little more learned because of little observational data GRB Discovery

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Questions GRB Questions Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Questions BATSE - Burst And Transient Source Experiment Where on the sky do GRBs occur? Are all GRBs the same? How far away are GRBs? What causes GRBs? More observations needed

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Q&A Where on the sky do GRBs occur? Isotropic Everywhere – GRBs Isotropically distributed

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Q&A Are all GRBs the same? Unique NO! Absolutely not.

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) – Q&A How far away are GRBs? GRBs are at cosmological distances Cosmological

GRBs & Neutrinos – The Connection GRB&v Connection Coincident Search – Neutrinos Coincident with Photons

Neutrino Detection AMANDA – Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array Neutrino Telescope Located at South Pole Uses PMTs to detect Cherenkov radiation created by fast moving particles We are interested in up-going events AMANDA

Past Analysis Past Searched for neutrinos from GRBs detected by BATSE between 1997 and 2000 data Used generic neutrino spectrum

Past Analysis Produced a framework and tools for future GRB analyses Detector stability & data integrity Background minimization (cuts) Blinded (10) minute window - (5) minutes + (5) minutes (120-10 = 110) Minute background used to set cuts and check for data quality & stability - (60) minutes + (60) minutes NO GRB neutrinos coincidence detected – results in 2003 International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) proceedings

Present Analysis Present Models the neutrino spectrum on a per burst basis (based on Guetta et al. 2003 astro-ph0302524) Determines per burst neutrino event rates Extends analysis to 2003 Creating user-friendly and flexible infrastructure

GRB Catalog Comparisons BATSE Kommers et al. Stern et al. GUSBAD Duration of Search (TJD) ~8360-11690 8600– 10800 8369-11690 8365-11690 Energy Range (KeV) 50-300 7 combos of energy analyzed Sigma above background for trigger σ1>=5.5 σ2>=5.5 σ1>=σ2>=2.5 & σ1+σ2>8 σ1>=4 σ2>=2.5 σ1>5 σ2>5 Data Used 4 Energy Channels over three time resolutions DISCLA Time Resolution (msec) 64, 256, 1024 1024 Catalog Comparison 1 The Stern catalog overlaps ~96% of Kommers and ~94% of Schmidt (GUSBAD) catalogs.

T90 Distribution

Sky Plot 96 BATSE (triggered) bursts and 9 Stern (non-triggered) bursts passed the selection criteria

Dec Distribution

Discovery of Errors in current BATSE Catalog BATSE trigger 7644 – solar flare, NOT A GRB BATSE triggers 2463 and 2464 – SGRs, NOT GRBs 8 more triggers will be reclassified for the upcoming 5B catalog Many order problems in 4B & Current Cmax/Cmin Catalog Being corrected by BATSE team Demonstration of thoroughness BATSE Errors

IPN3 Group of satellites capable on Gamma ray detection K. Hurley, http://ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/ IPN3 Group of satellites capable on Gamma ray detection Bridge between BATSE & Swift 24 member instruments as of 5/22/03 Major endeavor 16 eliminated 3 still under investigation 5 accepted Comparisons have begun

ICECUBE – Kilometer cubed neutrino telescope Future Analysis Methods developed now will allow for speedier analysis of future data A dedicated GRB satellite ~200 bursts/yr Future ICECUBE – Kilometer cubed neutrino telescope

Conclusions Neutrino Astronomy – New Window on the Universe Neutrino Production - Consequence of Fireball Phenomenology of GRBs GRB Neutrino Coincidence – Significant Discovery Comprehensive Comparisons - BATSE & 3 non-triggered catalogs Generating IPN3 catalog – Welcomed by GRB community Analysis Evolution EXCITING FUTURE

My apologies if I overlooked someone in preparing this slide Thank You Mike Stamatikos, Bob Morse, Rellen Hardtke, Francis Halzen, Cary Forest, Paolo Desiati, Kath Rawlins, Brennan Hughey, Jodi Cooley, Bill Santner, Anupam Singh, Newt Ganugapati, Gary Hill, Albrecht Karle, Annie Malkus, more “AMANDROIDS” (Chris, Jessica, Dave, Kael), Bob Benjamin, Greg Madsen, Ron Reynolds, Aaron Steffen, Ken Nordsieck, Tony Weitenbeck, the REU students: Eric, Stephanie, Kiwi, Jeremy, Amanda, Karl, Tommy, Sam, Luis, Kimb, Quennie, Kelen, Luisa, and Marleen Thank You Without each of your influences, assistance, confidence, guidance, patience, empathy, support, and humor this research and my summer would not have been nearly as great. I am deeply grateful. Thank you! My apologies if I overlooked someone in preparing this slide

A.J. Carver - acarver@wisc.edu To learn more about “Searching for High Energy Muonic Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts Using AMANDA” contact: A.J. Carver - acarver@wisc.edu Or visit online at: http://wisp.physics.wisc.edu/~reu2003/carver Contact Info