Flowering Plants

Parts Of The Plant The root anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from the soil The stem supports the plant The leaves make food for the plant The flower makes seeds

The Flower The flower is responsible for reproduction (making more plants) The male organs called the stamen The female organs are called the carpel The petals attract insects The sepals protect buds Flowers emerge in spring and summer, they grow from a bud

Parts Of A Flower Carpel

The Stamen The stamen is the male organ It is made up of two parts: The filament supports the anther The anther makes pollen Pollen is the male sex cell

The Carpel The Carpel is the female organ It is made up of three parts: The Stigma is sticky for pollen to stay on it The Style is where the pollen tube eats through The Ovary contains ovules. This is where fertilisation takes place

The Carpel Carpel

Pollination Pollen is made on the anther It has to travel to a stigma This is called pollination Some plants attract insects for pollination Some use the wind Self pollination is when plants pollinate their own stigmas Cross pollination is when other flowers are pollinated

Insect Pollination Attractive scents (smells) Nectar can be used to make honey Brightly coloured, large petals attract insects

Wind Pollination No Nectar No attractive smell Long stamens hanging outside the flower Small or no petals

Fertilisation This is when pollen fertilises the ovules This takes place in the ovary

Seeds When the pollen tube reaches the ovary it finds an ovule The nucleus from the pollen fertilises the nucleus from the ovule This fertilises the ovule and makes a seed The seed grows in the ovary The flower dies as the seed develops

Seed Dispersal Seeds have to be dispersed because they cannot grow where their parents are. They need a patch of soil where they do not have to compete for water and sunlight

Wind Dispersal Dandelion seeds

Hooks

Explosive When Gorse dries out the pod cracks open and the seeds inside explode outwards

Fruits The Seeds are on the outside of the strawberry

Germination This is when the seed starts to grow into a plant It happens when the seed gets three conditions: Water Heat Oxygen

Photosynthesis Plants can make their own food This is called photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide  + water + light energy     Glucose   +  Oxygen Leaves have chloroplasts that soaks up sunlight

The Starch Test Leaves store their food (glucose) as starch How would you de-starch a plant? Place it in the dark for a few days The plants cell walls have to be softened in boiling water Chlorophyll is removed by boiling in Ethanol Iodine turns from brown to black when starch is present http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/biology/green_plants_2.shtml

Watering Plants When plants do not get enough water or minerals they start to wilt

Stomata Plants photosynthesise during the day and respire when it is dark Gases get in and out of a leaf through tiny holes called stomata

Stoma Open Closed