SEAFARER STANDARDS A P&I Perspective Shipping & Law 25 October 2016

INTRODUCTION Claims analysis Seafarer standards & safety culture Solutions

LARGE CLAIMS P&I claims over $500k analysed High frequency factors: Poor operational practices Ineffective risk assessment Failure to follow procedures

LARGE CLAIMS Common contributory factors Crew injury Inadequate risk assessment Ship claims Inadequate bridge resource management Poor navigational practices Cargo claims Not following best practice Not following CSM Human factors

Seafarer Standards What determines standards? Seafarer competence Knowledge and ability Applying knowledge System Soft - Safety management system Hard - Technology Human / system factors … Safety Culture

Seafarer Standards Applying knowledge Experience Behaviour – attitude and motivation Human interaction with systems and technology

Systems and behaviour More systems More interaction between systems and parts of systems More system errors More human error More unanticipated situations Less “by the book” solutions People Systems

Seafarer Standards Recent views expressed in the industry Human element –the new sub-standard? Watch-keepers now have more equipment and less ability. We have collectively allowed navigation to become unimportant. STCW 95 has reduced required sea time and experience, leading too much theory and not enough practice.

Seafarer Standards Solutions

Seafarer Standards Solutions Knowledge & ability Attract Recruit Retain the “right” crew for the ship Right People

Seafarer Standards Solutions Human / system interface Monitor and improve management and safety systems Monitor and improve technical systems Evaluate systems interaction Good systems

Summary Safety Culture Right People Good systems Safety culture

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