Figure 3 Biosynthetic pathway of plasmalogens

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Figure 3 Biosynthetic pathway of plasmalogens Figure 3 | Biosynthetic pathway of plasmalogens. The formation of fatty alcohol by FAR1 and FAR2 in the peroxisome is the rate-limiting step. Dietary alkylglycerols can bypass the rate-limiting peroxisomal biosynthetic steps (red pathway). Metabolites are shown in red and black: DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; GPC, glycerophospho-choline; GPE, glycerophospho-ethanolamine; PC, phosphjatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine. Enzymes are shown in blue circles: AADHAPR, acyl/alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase; AAG3PAT, acyl/alkyl-glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase; ADHAP-S, alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase; AG kinase, alkylglycerol kinase; CoA, coenzyme A; CoA-IT, coenzyme A-independent transacylase; CPT, choline phosphotransferase; DHAPAT, DHAP acyltransferase; EPT, ethanolamine phosphotransferase; FAR1, fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1; FAR2, fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2; i-phospholipase A2, calcium independent phospholipase A2; PH, phosphohydrolase; PEMT, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; PLC, phospholipase C. Meikle, P. J. & Summers, S. A. (2016) Sphingolipids and phospholipids in insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.169