Jacksonian Democracy 1828-1838

Major Issues/Concepts Spoils System Tariff of Abomination/ Nullification Crisis National Bank Treatment of Native Americans

Election of 1828 John Q Adams/Andrew Jackson rematch Adams - From the Northeast (NY) - Represented commercial interests in the northeast - Favored a strong federal government Political Party: National Republican Jackson From the West (Tennessee) Represented farmers in the west -Wanted a weak federal government & strong states -Party: Democratic-Republicans Negative campaigning (mudslinging) Jackson campaigned on his frontier background, common man image, and fame as a war hero than on issues Three times the number of voters participated in the election of 1828 as in the 1824 election Jackson won, carrying every state west of the Appalachians

Spoils System Fired over 2,000 government workers and replaced them with his supporters and friends Believed it would allow normal citizens to come to power. “To the victor goes the spoils!”

The Nullification Issue

Tariff of Abominations Raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights. It passed because New England favored high tariffs.

Nullification? South Carolina Exposition: which proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress. South Carolina threatened to secede if the tariff was not revoked; Calhoun suggested state nullification as a more peaceful solution.

Force Act Use of whatever force necessary to enforce Federal tariffs. Intended to suppress South Carolina's refusal to collect tariffs Deny the right of secession to individual states

Kitchen Cabinet Unofficial advisers to Jackson. Occurred after the Peggy Eaton Incident when Jackson purged his cabinet.

Jackson's Native-American Policy

A War Over and Land Opens Up Northeastern residents and recently arrived immigrants flocked to the NW bringing their cultures and skills on farming and industry. Small-Farmers sought opportunity to join the Cotton Kingdom by planting cotton on the new lands of the SW.

Indian Removal 1830  Indian Removal Act Worcester v. GA (1832) The Supreme – - Court decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations. - Jackson ignored the ruling Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce It!

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

Renewing the Charter of the 1st National Bank

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. 1836  the charter expired. 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

1832 Election Results

The 1836 Election Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]