Transfer-based translation intermediary sentencce structure basic processes analysis transfer generation (synthesis) language modules dictionary and grammar of SL transfer dictionary and transfer rules dictionary and grammar of TL Hutchins bild Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Direct translation SL TL Metal Transfer Multra Interlingua Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Metal See H&S Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 MULTRA Multilingual Support for Translation and Writing translation engine transfer-based shake-and-bake modular unification-based preference machinery trace-able Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Analysis chart parser (Lisp  C) procedural formalism unification and other kinds of operations sentence structure feature structure grammatical relations surface order implicit via grammatical relations See further Sågvall Hein&Starbäck (99),Weijnitz (02), Dahllöf (89) Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Transfer unification-based declarative formalism Multra transfer formalism (Beskow 93) lexical and structural rules rules are partially ordered a more specific rule takes precedence over a less specific one specificity in terms of number of transfer equations all applicable rules are applied written in prolog Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Generation syntactic generation Multra syntactic generation formalism (Beskow 97a) PATR-like style unification concatenation typed features morphological generation (Beskow 97b) lexical insertion rules morphological realisation and phonological finish in prolog written in prolog Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

An example: Tippa hytten. (* = (PHR.CAT = CL TYPE = IMP VERB = (WORD.CAT = VERB INFF = IMP DIAT = ACT LEX = TIPPA.VB.1) OBJ.DIR = (PHR.CAT = NP NUMB = SING GENDER = UTR CASE = BASIC DEF = DEF HEAD = (LEX = HYTT.NN.1 WORD.CAT = NOUN))) REG = (V1.LEM = TIPPA.VB) SEP = (WORD.CAT = SEP LEX = STOP.SR.0))) Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Chart structure (15 VERTICES)   > > (show) 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 15| .-T-.-i-.-p-.-p-.-a-.-_-.-h-.-y-.-t-.-t-.-e-.-n---.-.-.-_-. .-t-. .-HYTT.NN-----------------.STOP.SR. .-TIPPA.VB--------------.-NP----------------------. .-TIPPA.VB--------------. .FORM.SUFF. .-CL------------------------------------------------------. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Transfer structure Transfer structure [[VERB : [WORD.CAT : VERB LEX : TILT.VB.0 DIAT : ACT INFF : IMP] OBJ.DIR : [PHR.CAT : NP DEF : DEF NUMB : SING HEAD : [WORD.CAT : NOUN LEX : CAB.NN.0]] TYPE : IMP SEP : [WORD.CAT : SEP LEX : STOP.SR.0] PHR.CAT : CL] Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003 Generation Tilt the cab.   Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003