Other Senses Chemical Senses Audition Somatic (kinesthesia/touch/pain) Smell Taste Audition Somatic (kinesthesia/touch/pain)

Sound Pressure Waves

Cochlea

Pitch Place Theory: Hair cells at a particular “place” respond most to a particular frequency Middle and High Frequencies. Volley Theory: Firing rate of an auditory nerve matches a sound wave’s frequency Low Frequencies.

Place Theory

Tonotopic Map Return

Body Position Touch Fast Slow Pain

Pain Receptors A-Delta Fast Pain Sharp C Fibers Slow Pain Dull/Burning

Gate Control Theory Gate Closed Gate Open Spinal Cord Activated: No Pain Gate Open Pain Spinal Cord Activated: Touch (A-Beta) Brain (Descending) Endorphins

Attention

Definition Focused processing (different than simply being dimly aware)

Purpose of Attention Direct our sensory systems toward certain stimuli. Select information for processing. Allocate the mental energy required for processing. Coordinate several tasks at once

Shifting Attention Overt orienting involves pointing sensory systems at a particular stimulus. Covert orienting involves shifting attention without moving a muscle.

Characteristics Improves mental processing. Takes effort. Limited/selective (e.g., dichotic listening, cocktail party phenomenon).

Cocktail Party Demo {Class Only}

Failures of Attention Inattentional blindness Dual task interference (Stroop) Visual neglect Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder {Class Only}

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The Stroop Task Name the color of each bar as rapidly as you can Source: Stroop, J.R. (1935). "Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions." JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 18, 643-662.

Now, name the color of the INK in which each word is printed as rapidly as you can Source: Stroop, J.R. (1935). "Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions." JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 18, 643-662. Return