Force and Motion Vocabulary

Motion Change of position is based on a reference point any movement or change in position or time Change of position is based on a reference point

Reference Point A position from where you view motion

Speed Speed = Distance ÷ Time Speed triangle the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate Speed = Distance ÷ Time Speed triangle

Velocity Speed = Distance ÷ Time plus direction Example: The speed in a given direction. Speed = Distance ÷ Time plus direction Example: 40 mph is a speed 40 mph North is a velocity

Acceleration a = Vᶠ - Vᵢ t The rate of change of velocity per unit of time. Acceleration = final Velocity- initial velocity amount of time it took a = Vᶠ - Vᵢ t

Vectors Arrows that show direction and magnitude that represent forces. If arrows are in the same direction their magnitudes are added together and the direction remains the same. If arrows are in opposite directions their magnitudes are subtracted, and the direction is of the higher magnitude.

Force Force= mass x acceleration s² A push or pull of an object Force= mass x acceleration Measured in units called- Newtons (N) = kg x m s² A Newton is kilogram times meter divided by seconds squared

Net Force The sum of all the forces acting on an object

Balanced Force Balanced Forces will have a net force of zero The net force is equal Balanced Forces will have a net force of zero

Unbalanced Force The net force is not equal An unbalanced force will cause an object to be in motion

Mass The mass of an object does not change The amount of matter in an object The mass of an object does not change Measured in kilograms, kg

Weight A force that is determined by gravity acting on the mass of an object. Weight= Mass x gravity Measured in units called, Newtons Weight and Mass are the same on Earth since Earth’s gravity is considered 1.

Gravity Acceleration of Gravity is 9.8 m/s² The force pushing down on us. Acceleration of Gravity is 9.8 m/s²

Friction Depends on surface area, and the texture of the surfaces Force of 2 objects rubbing against each other A force that opposes motion Depends on surface area, and the texture of the surfaces

Air Resistance A type of friction also called, Drag a force that slow down objects that are moving through the air A type of friction also called, Drag Air is considered a fluid

Sir Isaac Newton Scientist who developed the Laws of Motion. - Law of Inertia- object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion until acted on by a force

Inertia The greater the Mass, the greater the inertia Resistance of an object to change what it is doing The greater the Mass, the greater the inertia Which object has the greatest inertia? A 1 kg object at 250, 000 mph a 25 kg object not moving

Momentum You can think of momentum as how hard it is to stop something Mass x velocity, or p= mv The symbol is a lowercase p You can think of momentum as how hard it is to stop something

Centripetal Force A force that makes a body follow a curved path Means “center seeking” Centripetal Force= mass x velocity² radius velocity² is the centripetal acceleration

Newton’s 1st Law Also called, Law of inertia. Object at rest stays at rest, and object in motion stays in motion until a force acts on them

Newton’s 2nd Law Force= mass x acceleration, F= m x a Then, Acceleration= Force Mass Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass, the greater the amount of force needed

Newton’s 3rd Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces always come in pairs Whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.

Energy The ability to do work

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only change its form.

Potential Energy mass in kg, height in meters, gravity= 9.8 m/s² the energy stored in an object due to its position Potential Energy= mass x gravity x height PE = mgh mass in kg, height in meters, gravity= 9.8 m/s² Measured in units called, Joules

Kinetic Energy The energy of motion Any object that is moving has kinetic energy Kinetic Energy = (1/2)mv2