Book two: soil, Rocks, and Landforms Investigation Four: Rocks

Focus questions What are natural resources and what should we know about them? What are renewable and nonrenewable resources? How can we classify rocks differently?

Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready! Review! Review! Review! Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready!

Earth Make-up

1. geoscientist - A scientist who studies the use, distribution, and conservation of Earth’s resources

Earth’s outer layer of solid rock 2. crust - Earth’s outer layer of solid rock

The solid rock between Earth’s core and crust 3. Mantle - The solid rock between Earth’s core and crust

4. Core - The center of the Earth, made of iron and nickel; outer layer is liquid

Melted rock below Earth’s surface 5. Magma - Melted rock below Earth’s surface

Natural Resources

6. Natural resource - A material such as soil or water that comes from the natural environment

7. Renewable resource - A resource that is naturally replenished quickly; such as sunlight, water, and air

8. Solar energy - An alternative energy source from the sun that drives the water cycle and produces wind, ocean waves, and flowing water in rivers

An alternative energy source that uses the power of the wind 9. Wind power - An alternative energy source that uses the power of the wind

10. Nonrenewable resource - A resource that is not replenished because it takes a long time to form; such as rocks, minerals, and fossil fuels

An alternative energy source that comes from Earth’s internal heat 11. Geothermal Power - An alternative energy source that comes from Earth’s internal heat

12. Fossil Fuel - Plants and animals that became buried under sediment millions of years ago, then slowly transformed into deposits of coal, petroleum, or natural gas

Rock Classification

The process by which rocks change into different kinds of rocks 13. Rock Cycle - The process by which rocks change into different kinds of rocks

A rock that forms when melted rock hardens 14. Igneous Rock - A rock that forms when melted rock hardens

15. Metamorphic Rock - A rock that forms when rocks and minerals are subjected to heat and pressure

A rock that forms when layers of sediments get stuck together 16. Sedimentary Rock - A rock that forms when layers of sediments get stuck together

17. property - Something that you can observe about an object or a material. Size, color, shape, texture, and smell

The resistance of a material’s surface offers to abrasion 18. Hardness - The resistance of a material’s surface offers to abrasion

The way light interacts with the surface of the mineral 19. luster - The way light interacts with the surface of the mineral

The feeling of the surface of the mineral 20. texture - The feeling of the surface of the mineral

Experiments! Igneous Rock Classification Metamorphic Sedimentary Mr. Kapusta’s Room Mr. Croft’s Mrs. Smith’s Igneous Rock Classification Metamorphic Sedimentary

Focus questions What are natural resources and what should we know about them? What are renewable and nonrenewable resources? How can we classify rocks differently?