Chemistry of Life Chapter 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry of Life Chapter 2

Why chemistry? Remember atoms?

Subatomic particles Two models of a helium atom Carbon atom

Electrons

Chemical bonds Three types

Ionic bonds

Formation of an ionic bond

Covalent bonds (make molecules)

Two types of covalent bonds Nonpolar Polar

Hydrogen bonds The weakest bonds

Properties of water b/c of H-bonding Water is a good solvent:

Properties of water b/c of H-bonding, cont. Large heat capacity: Low density as a solid:

Living systems are sensitive to acidic & basic conditions Most water molecules present as H2O, but some molecules break apart into H+ ions and OH- ions

Living systems are sensitive to acidic & basic conditions Even slight change in pH can be harmful

Living things are made from & conduct chemical reactions A chemical reaction Two parts to a chemical reaction

Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates

Glucose . . . is a

Polysaccharides two functions Chitin is polysaccharide of disaccharide actylglucosamine

Polysaccharides

Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Lipids types of lipids

Fats (triglycerides) two kinds of fat

Phospholipids

Phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane

Sterols/steroids

Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Proteins chief building blocks of all life

Protein structure and function denaturation caused by

Types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids DNA and RNA

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