Objectives Explain the structure and function of: Carbohydrates Lipids

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Presentation transcript:

Objectives Explain the structure and function of: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules Large complex molecules in cells Formed from repeating subunits Most biomolecules contain carbon

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Small repeating subunit is sugar Several sugars bonded together make carbohydrate Sugars, starches, fiber

Carbohydrates 1 sugar by itself = Monosaccharide Mono = 1 Saccharide = sugar

Carbohydrates Take 1 sugar bond to another sugar… 2 sugars = Disaccharide Di = 2 Saccharide = sugar

Carbohydrates Disaccharides: Sucrose Table Sugar Lactose Milk

Carbohydrates Take 3 or more sugars bonded together… Polysaccharide Poly = Many Saccharide = sugar

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: Starch Glycogen Hundreds of glucose molecules Glycogen Many glucose molecules Many branches

Carbohydrates What do we use carbohydrates for? Energy Structural Support Cell Recognition

Carbohydrates Hydrogen Bonds Chitin Found in the shells of crabs, lobsters and Insects Cellulose Cell walls of plants Strong enough to Hold plants upright

Lipids Definition: A fat molecule that has similar properties Includes: Fats Phospholipids Steroids Waxes

Lipids Structure Chains of Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen Typical subunit of lipids is a fatty acid This structure makes it repel water

What do we use lipids for? Energy Stores Water Barriers

Proteins Subunit is amino acids Chains of amino acids twist and fold What do we use proteins for? Structure and support Movement and transportation Chemical reactions

Proteins Repeating subunit Amino acids 20 different amino acids found in proteins

Proteins Primary Structure Secondary Structure The specific list of amino acids present Secondary Structure The list twists and folds

Proteins Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure The twists and folds, twist and fold again Quaternary Structure 2 or more protein chains bond together

Nucleic Acids Long chain of nucleotides Nucleotide (subunit) Molecule made up of: Sugar Base Phosphate group

Nucleotide

Nucleic Acids DNA – DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RNA – RiboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose String of nucleotides made of deoxyribose RNA – RiboNucleic Acid Sugar = Ribose String of nucleotides made of ribose

Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acids store and transmit genetic information Genetic Code in DNA… Depends on the specific order of bases in the nucleotides Sugar, Base, Phosphate Two strands held together by Hydrogen Bonds

Nucleic Acids ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate 3 phosphate groups By breaking off the 3rd phosphate group energy is released

ATP

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