Covalent Bonding & Lewis Structures

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Presentation transcript:

Covalent Bonding & Lewis Structures Octet Rule: Atoms form bonds to obtain stable electron configurations… 8 e–’s in the outer shell like noble gases.

lone pair nonbonded pair unshared pair 1 shared pair 1 covalent bond single bond: 1 pair of shared electrons

How many unshared pairs (lone pairs)? structural formula: shows the arrangement of atoms How many unshared pairs (lone pairs)? 2

How many shared pairs? 3

N N O O Super Special Carbon C double bond: 2 pairs of shared e–’s triple bond: 3 pairs of shared e–’s N N Super Special Carbon C Carbon can form long chains because it forms up to 4 bonds on each C atom. This allows large biomolecules to form such as: proteins lipids (fats) carbohydrates (sugars/starches) nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)

Drawing Lewis Structures In 5 easy steps: PCl3 Count Connect Octet (if necessary)

Drawing Lewis Structures COUNT valence e–’s of all atoms in the molecule. PCl3 5 + 3(7) = 26

Drawing Lewis Structures CONNECT atoms to the central atom with single bonds. Central atom is the least electronegative (never H) Keep track of the electrons: 26  6 = 20

Drawing Lewis Structures OCTET fill outer octets Keep track of the electrons: 26  6 = 20 20  18 = 2

Drawing Lewis Structures OCTET fill central octet Draw the Lewis structure for HCN Keep track of the electrons: 26  6 = 20 20  18 = 2 2  2 = 0

Drawing Lewis Structures If you run out of e–’s before the central atom has an octet… …form multiple bonds until it does. (by removing lone pairs from outer atoms, more than likely…)

Drawing Lewis Structures In 5 easy steps: Count (val e–’s) Connect (bonds) Octet (outer dots) Octet (central dots) (if necessary) form Multiple Bonds to fill central octet

O C O O C O Draw the Lewis structure for trichloromethane, CHCl3 Draw the Lewis structure for carbon dioxide, CO2 O C O O C O

large, long chain biomolecules. nucleic acids carbohydrates Quick Quiz! 1. Carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons to form up to 4 bonds. This allows carbon to form ______________ needed for life. large, long chain biomolecules. nucleic acids carbohydrates ALL of the above

Quick Quiz. 2. Which of the following diatomic molecules have a triple bond? (hint: draw the Lewis structures) O2 N2 Br2 H2 O O N N Br Br H H

Quick Quiz. 3. Draw the correct Lewis structure for dinitrogen monoxide , N2O. (aka: nitrous or laughing gas) hint: arrange the atoms as… N N O N N O