Levels of Organization.

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Presentation transcript:

Levels of Organization

Cell Specialization Zygote: fertilized cell created by the union of the egg and sperm Embryonic stem cells Created during earliest divisions Potential to become any type of cell Average human: 100 trillion cells Over 200 types of human cells

Determination Determination Stem cell genes program the cell to be a specific type Few weeks into development Irreversible

Stem cell programmed to become a muscle cell ON ON ON Genes (switches) exist in both cells, but are activated in one type and deactivated in the other. Stem cell programmed to become a nerve cell ON ON ON

Differentiation Differentiation Cells acquire the structures & functions of a specialized cell

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) between the fingers

Webbed Toes

Organization Cell: Basic unit Tissue: Group of cells 4 types Organ: Groups of tissue Ex: lung contains each tissue Organ System: Group of organs working together Digestive System Organism: all organ systems working together

Body Tissues Muscle: contracting cells Skeletal, cardiac cells

Body Tissues Connective Tissue: Support the body Bone, fat, tendons

Body Tissues Epithelial: protection sheet of cells skin, stomach lining

Body Tissues Nerve Tissue: Transmit electric signals Brain & Spinal Cord

Kobe Kuiz What is a zygote? What is the specific function of a stem cell? How does “determination” differ from “differentiation”? Cells are programmed to die during a process called ______. From smallest to largest, name the 5 levels of organization. Name the four types of tissues. Which tissue is able to stretch and contract? Which tissue transmits electric signals? Which tissue covers and protects the body? Which tissue connects the body?