Classification of Matter

Matter Substance Mixture

Matter What Is Matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter. Mass is how much matter there is of an object. Volume is how much space matter takes up. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules.

Four States of Matter: Review Solid Definite Shape and Volume Liquid Indefinite Shape and Definite Volume Gas Indefinite Shape and Volume Plasma

Plasmas Form under conditions of extremely high energy - molecules are ripped apart Plasma made up of free electrons and element ions Very high KE - hot, ionized gases - electrons are ripped off of individual atoms. Gas-like - indefinite shape and volume - Very high KE –particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles Because the atoms in plasma exist as charged ions, plasmas behave differently than gases - free ions cause plasma to be electrically conductive.

Four States of Matter: Review Animation

Four States of Matter: Review LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed in a regular pattern; Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement; Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well-separated with no regular arrangement; Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

What is the 5th state of matter? Bose- Einstein Condensate 2016 Experiment on the ISS Practical Applications in the real world Cold Atom Lab

Cannot be broken down further and still retain the same properties Substance Compound Element Two or more elements chemically combined together. Ex: H2O, NaCl If all atoms are the same

are in the same amount in all parts of the mixture Two or more substances that can be separated by physical means. Mixture Not Chemically combined Homogenous Heterogenous the substances are in the same amount in all parts of the mixture also known as solutions the substances in the mixture are not evenly mixed Salad dressings, potting soil Tea, perfume

A solution is made up of two parts—a solute and a solvent. A solute is the substance being dissolved, while a solvent is the substance doing the dissolving. For example, in a saltwater solution, salt is the solute and water is the solvent. The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance is called solubility.

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Chemical Properties Ability to Burn Ability to Corrode The property that describes how a substance can change to form new substances is called a chemical property. Ability to Burn Ability to Corrode Ability to Support Burning Reactivity with Chemicals Reactivity with Light

Physical Properties Color, shape, and odor are properties that can be observed using your senses. Other physical properties, like mass, weight, volume, density, and conductivity can be measured. • Boiling Point • Color • Conductivity • Density • Malleability • Mass • Melting Point • Odor • Shape • State of Matter • Weight Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

Chemical and Physical Changes

Chemical Changes • Combustion • Corrosion • Electrolysis • Fermentation • Metabolism • Photosynthesis In a chemical change, one or more substances combine or break down to form new substances. Sometimes energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity is given off. You may see bubbles and there may be a color change. In some chemical changes, energy is required for the chemical change to take place.

Physical Changes Boiling Condensation Dissolving Evaporation Freezing A physical change alters the form of a substance, but not the composition of the substance Any change in the state of matter is a physical change Boiling Condensation Dissolving Evaporation Freezing Melting Sublimation

Is the Change Permanent? To help you remember the difference between physical change and chemical change, ask yourself this question, “Can I get the original substances back after the change?” If so, it is a physical change. If not, it is changed forever and is a chemical change.

Colloids and Suspensions Mixture that never settles. Jello Tyndall Effect- light scatters when it goes through a colloid Suspension Mixtures that settle out. EX: Muddy River Water