Vocative Case Ablative of Place From Which Lesson XIII Vocative Case Ablative of Place From Which

Let’s Review! PERFECT TENSE: past action completed Drop the –i from the 3rd principal part to find the verb stem Add the perfect endings!

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. doceo docere docui doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. docui - i = docu-

Perfect Active docu imus docu i docu istis docu isti erunt docu it We taught We have taught We did teach I taught I have taught I did teach First Person docu imus docu i You taught You have taught You did teach You taught You have taught You did teach Second Person docu istis docu isti They taught They have taught They did teach erunt He taught He has taught He did teach Third Person docu it docu Perfect Active

Test on Wednesday! 2 grades: Perfect Tense Verb endings…see your practice worksheet from last week! English derivatives from Lessons 13-16…see your sheet from last Friday with the *’ed words to study!

Vocative Case (Lesson XIII) In Latin, the vocative case is used to address people directly or to get their attention. Charles, come here! Emily, you’re the best sister anyone could have! Leave me alone, creep!

Vocative Case The name “vocative” case comes from the Latin word “voco”: “to call.” The vocative is set apart by commas in English. It’s often used with the imperative (command) verbs.

How To Make a Vocative Most Latin words use the nominative ending for their vocative form, too. Yay! No new endings! Porta aquam, mea filia. Carry the water, my daughter. But… there are exceptions!

How To Make a Vocative Words that end in –us make their singular vocative by changing the –us to –e. Free the captives, Marcus! Libera captivos, Marce! Hurry, friend! Festina, amice!

How To Make a Vocative Words that end in –ius make their singular vocative by changing the –ius to –i. Free the captives, Lucius! Libera captivos, Luci! Hurry, son! (filius) Festina, fili!

What To Take Away From the Lesson! Vocatives are used to address someone directly. The only words that use special endings are –us and –ius singular words. -us = -e -ius = -i All other words just use their nominative endings.

Making Vocatives! Quintus agricolae Cornelia Tullius Anna Marcus amicus servus Quinte agricolae Cornelia Tulli Anna Marce amice serve