Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

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Presentation transcript:

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Chapter 3, Lesson 4

Conduction Definition: The transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter Heat travels along a substance from molecule to molecule (between two materials that touch each other)

Conductors vs. Insulators Conductor- materials in which thermal energy moves quickly, and is transferred easily Insulators- thermal energy moves slowly, and does not transfer easily Examples of Conductor and Insulators… Conductors Insulators Silver Air Copper Styrofoam Aluminum Fiberglass Steel Cork Brass Wood

Examples of Conduction Water heating on an electric stove Hot sand touching your feet Touching a stove and being burned Ice cooling down your hand

Convection Definition: The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of matter from one place to another Fluid- material made of particles that can easily change their locations Only occurs in liquids and gases Heat transfer by a circulation of rising warm air (less dense) and sinking cooler air (denser). “Hot air rises” the more dense air sinks forcing the less dense air upward

Convection Currents Definition: The circular motion that results in a fluid heated from below A hot-air balloon rises as the air inside is heated, and sinks when the air inside cools.

Convection Examples Hot-air balloon Macaroni rising and falling in a pot of heated water An old-fashioned radiator (creates a convection cell in a room by emitting warm air at the top and drawing in cool air at the bottom)

Radiation Definition: The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves The movement of heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space This carries energy from the hot object and causes it to cool down.

Radiation Examples Heat from toaster Heat from a light bulb Sunlight Heat from toaster Heat from a light bulb Heat from a fire Heat from anything else which is warmer than its surroundings.