Argumentation in Speeches & Historical Documents Subtitle

Today’s Goals Focus Question Review famous speech in fiction Review famous historical speech Analyze both speeches Compare and contrasts speeches What makes an argument effective? How does the author use evidence and research to support the arguments? How do people construct argument? How is reading nonfiction different from reading fiction?

Together: Shakespeare’s “Once More, unto the Breach” This is from Henry V, Act 1, scene i King Henry (English) are fighting the French (King Charles)  As France is losing, King Charles offers King Henry a compromise: he will not give him the crown of France, but he will give him some small dukedoms—that is, small sub-regions within France—as well as the hand of his daughter, Catherine, in marriage. But Henry rejects the offer, and the siege continues. In the midst of the siege, King Henry appears to rally his soldiers. He delivers a powerful speech, conjuring up the memory of the Englishmen’s warlike ancestors and appealing to soldiers, noblemen, and commoners alike. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH_QCbYmWww (2:05) x3

You will need four different colored highlighters, pencils, etc. Or you can Box, Circle, Underline, and squiggle line Highlight Logos in one color, Pathos in another, and ethos in a third. With the fourth color, highlight any other rhetoric/ fallacies. Label them Also complete the Speech analysis for this speech. (Let’s try this together for round 1!)

Quick Notes Antithesis- a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other “hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins”. Parallelism- Similar grammatical structures: Like father, like son. This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed. Repetition- repeating of ideas or phrases

Quick Notes Anaphora- repeating the beginning phrase of a sentence I have a dream Antistrophe- is a derivative of a Greek word that means “turning back.” It is a rhetorical device that involves the repetition of the same words at the end of consecutive phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs. “A day may come when the courage of men fails, when we forsake our friends and break all bonds of fellowship. But it is not this day. An hour of wolves and shattered shields, when the age of men comes crashing down! But it is not this day! This day we fight! “ ~J.R. Tolkien

Attack the breach in the city wall once more, dear friends, attack it once more—or else let’s close it up with English corpses. In peacetime, nothing looks better in a man than restraint and humility. But when the battle trumpet blows in our ears, then it’s time to act like the tiger. With muscles taut and blood stirred up, hide your civilized nature under the guise of ugly rage. Lend your eyes a terrifying gleam and let them jut out from the portholes of the head like brass cannon. Make your brow jut out over your eyes like a frightening cliff over the wild and desolate ocean. Now grit your teeth and let your nostrils flare. Take a deep breath and draw on every impulse to its fullest strength. On, on, you noblest Englishmen, descended as you are from battle-tested fathers, fathers who, like so many Alexander the Greats, have fought in these regions from morning until night, sheathing their swords only when there was no one left to fight. Don’t dishonor your mothers! Prove that the men you call your fathers did truly conceive you. Serve as an example to men of common birth and teach them how to fight. And you, good farmers, whose limbs were made in England, show us here the vigor of your upbringing. Prove you are worthy of your birth, which I do not doubt for a moment. For there isn’t one of you so low-born that your eyes don’t shine with noble luster. I see you’re standing like greyhounds on a leash, straining for the moment when you’ll be let loose. The hunt is on! Follow your spirit, and as you charge cry, “God for Harry, England, and Saint George!” Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more, Or close the wall up with our English dead. In peace there's nothing so becomes a man As modest stillness and humility; But when the blast of war blows in our ears, Then imitate the action of the tiger; Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage; Then lend the eye a terrible aspect; Let it pry through the portage of the head Like the brass cannon; let the brow o'erwhelm it As fearfully as does a galled rock O'erhang and jutty his confounded base, Swill'd with the wild and wasteful ocean. Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide, Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit To his full height. On, on, you noblest English, Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof! Fathers that, like so many Alexanders, Have in these parts from morn till even fought, And sheath'd their swords for lack of argument. Dishonour not your mothers; now attest That those whom you call'd fathers did beget you. Be copy now to men of grosser blood, And teach them how to war. And you, good yeomen, Whose limbs were made in England, show us here The mettle of your pasture; let us swear That you are worth your breeding, which I doubt not; For there is none of you so mean and base, That hath not noble lustre in your eyes. I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. The game's afoot! Follow your spirit, and upon this charge Cry, "God for Harry! England and Saint George!"

Speech Analysis Name: Once More Unto the Breach Date of speech: set in 15th century Speaker: Henry V Speaker's position or title: King of England Audience: Soldiers (everyday men) Literary/Rhetorical Devices: Anaphora, Alliteration, Rhythm, Antithesis Organization: Goal- How to look, Why to do this, We’re ready!

Evidence for why it was written- speaks of war, assumes maybe afraid to fight ??? How will they fight them off? How many do they have to fight? What kind of arguments are used? Appeals to fear, pride, the everyday man, do or die tactics. evidence? Imagery/examples, reference to past, etc. Logos?- Do or die. Pathos- Fight like dogs. Ethos: Alexander the Great Complete for Homework