IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED)

The design of an IED will depend on the lethality of a bomb Definition An IED is a device, assembled by an organization or an individual in contravention to the existing rules of Law of Nation adopting unconventional or semi-conventional methods of assembling a standard device, ammunition/explosives or commercial, with a criminal/anti-national intention. The design of an IED will depend on the lethality of a bomb

IED The effects of an IED explosion are not standard and predictable The effects will vary in each case, depending on : Components Quality of explosive Casing Quantity of splinters

Components of an IED Explosives Detonator Power Source (Battery) Initiation Mechanism (Switch)

Components of an IED… + - Battery Switch Explosive & Detonator

Briefcase Bomb with Mechanism

Initiation Mechanism The switch is a mechanism incorporated to ensure initiation of an IED in a predetermined pattern so as to ensure success in destroying the target in a well deliberated manner.

Chain of Detonation Flame Producer Flame Carrier Main Charge Detonator Booster Flame Carrier Main Charge Detonation Wave Carrier (Cordtex) Detonator 1 2 3 4 5 6

Explosive and its Accessories A. Flame Producer : Match fuse, Match box, Igniter safety fuse striker B. Flame Carrier : Safety fuse C. Detonator : Safety Fuse Mercury Fulminate ASA Mixture Base Charge (CE)

Explosive and its Accessories… D. Detonation Wave Carrier(Primacord) Length : 150 m Explosive : PETN Deto. Vel. : 6000 to 8000 m/s E. Booster : To boost up the detonation waves CE Powder : Brown GC Powder : White F. Main Filling

Explosive Accessories Fuse Burning Cordtex Safety Fuse Delay Fuse Detonator Explosive Accessories

Initiation Mechanism Types of Initiation Mechanism The switches can either be classified as Electrical, Mechanical & Miscellaneous. Types of Initiation Mechanism Anti-handling Delay Ambient Command

Types of Initiation Mechanism… Anti-handling Pressure Pressure release Pull Pull/release Tilt Anti-penetration Lift Pendulum Tension Delay Mechanical Timer Clock/Watch Quartz Watch Electronic Timer Pyrotechnics Thermal Electro Chemical Chemical Expanding seeds

Types of Initiation Mechanism… Command Car remote Cordless Bell FM Radio Command Wire Aero Modeling Ambient Temperature Smoke/Gas Sound IR Rays Proximity Humidity X Rays Light

Questioning Technique What time the bomb will explode ? Where is the bomb located ? What type of bomb is ? How will we get rid of the bomb ? What is your good name ? Why have you kept the bomb ? Where are you speaking from ?

Search Rules & Technique of an IED Search Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) Points to remember Action on locating IED

Search Rules & Technique Don’t touch or handle suspicious object Don’t assume only one device is planted Use maximum two persons per room or for all area up to 250 Sq. ft. Use Searches in alternate room

Search Rules & Technique… Give rest after every 10 min. Never use searches more than necessary Clearly mark the area searched Trust nothing and assume nothing safe

Search Rules & Technique… Search Techniques Obtain maximum information about the device Listen before entering a room Be careful about booby trap, at the door itself and also throughout the search Make a visual survey of the entire area of the room

Search Rules & Technique… Search Techniques Divide the area while carrying out Search : Waist level Eye level Ceiling level Above Ceiling level

Search Rules & Technique Search Techniques Search back to back by two persons, meet in center and go back again Rest after each Search Mark the Searched area Report about the area and suspected object Ask for help from expert

Search Rules & Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) Recently disturbed area Saw dust, Brick dust, Wood chips Greasy Paper Wrappings Out of place object Disturbed Carpenter Tin foils

Search Rules & Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) Partly open window/door/drawers Fresh plaster/Cement Loose Electric Fittings Fish-line, dirty ropes, electric wire Cut vegetation

Search Rules & Technique What to look for ? (Tell Tale Sign) Military container of explosive Dirty foot prints Scratched or new paint New brick work/plaster

Search Rules & Technique Points to Remember Don’t touch or remove the packet Don’t open with hands or puncture Don’t submerge in water Don’t accept identification mark on the face value Don’t bring suspect bomb to police station

Search Rules & Technique Points to Remember Don’t open unless duty bound Evacuate the people to a safe area Don’t use radio Open all doors and windows Don’t be a Dead Hero

Scooter Bomb found at Bombay in March,1993

Search Rules & Technique Action on locating an IED Buttress : It’s an action of putting sand bags near the object to protect Baffling : It’s an action of putting mattress etc. to minimise damage due to blast and fragments Venting : It’s an action of opening all doors and windows of the room.

Bomb Incident Planning Cycle Bomb Threat/Incident Notification IED Location known IED Location not known IED Detonates a Investigation Search Collect Evidence Reconstruction RSP Remove Remove Analysis Establish modus operandi TPT RSP TPT Conduct apprehension Remove TPT RSP Conviction Disposal

Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit

Render Safe Procedure (RSP) Tool Kit

Counter IED Operation We can use mnemonic “UNITED NATIONS” U -Useful information prior to responding N-Notify appropriate people I-Initial Response to scene T-Time element involved E-Establish Command Post D-Decide Techniques

N- Notify the Field Commander A- Attack an IED T-Transport the physical evidence I-Investigate Crime O-Orientate Pertinent Facts N-Notify Appropriate People S-Synopsis

Bomb Detection Technique Technician Neutralizing an IED

Bomb Detection Technique Snake Eye Camera

Confirming presence of Explosive by Sniffer Dog Bomb Detection Technique Confirming presence of Explosive by Sniffer Dog

Bomb Detection Technique Removing a suspected Car Bomb with Robot

Bomb Detection Technique Mini Detector

Bomb Detection Technique Electronic Stethoscope

Bomb Detection Technique The door of a suspected Car being opened by Car Remote Opening Tool Kit (CROT)

Bomb Disposal Technique Robot

Cordtex Opening Technique Bomb Disposal Technique Cordtex Opening Technique

Cutting a wire of a Detonator by Mechanical Wire Cutter Bomb Disposal Technique Cutting a wire of a Detonator by Mechanical Wire Cutter

Neutralizing an IED with Water Cannon Bomb Disposal Technique Neutralizing an IED with Water Cannon

Cutting the wire by Remote Wire Cutter Bomb Disposal Technique Cutting the wire by Remote Wire Cutter

Explosive Opening Techniques-Shot Gun Method Bomb Disposal Technique Explosive Opening Techniques-Shot Gun Method

Disrupting the Power Source by Disrupter Bomb Disposal Technique Disrupting the Power Source by Disrupter

Bomb Disposal Technique Burning of Explosives

Making a hole in a suspected package with thermal cutter Bomb Disposal Technique Making a hole in a suspected package with thermal cutter

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Suit

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Blanket

Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Basket

Bomb Transport Trailer Bomb Disposal Gears Bomb Transport Trailer

Bomb Disposal Gears Robot (Wheel Barrow)

Safety Precautions Do’s for Common Men Inform the police on seeing any suspicious object Move away from the suspicious object in a quiet manner Follow instructions of guide in case of threat Carry your own personal belongings during evacuation Help ladies, old and children

Safety Precautions Do’s for Common Men When a vehicle is parked, close all windows and lock the doors Inspect vehicles for any suspicious object before moving out of garage Switch off all electrical mains, gas lines etc.

Safety Precautions Don’ts for Common Men Touch or handle any suspicious object Pick up attractive items lying at odd places Open or cut any suspicious object Panic but remain cool Obstruct the passage of security/bomb squad

Safety Precautions Don’ts for Common Men Spread rumors Assume only one device is planted Submerge in water Bring suspected bomb to police station Leave vehicle unattended

Started by Black September Group (Palestine) IED : BOOK & LETTER BOMB Started by Black September Group (Palestine) Components of Letter Bomb Sheet Explosives Detonator Switch Mechanism Power Source (9V Polaroid Cell)

Recognition Sign We can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL” E-Excessive Securing Material X-Excessive Weight P-Protruding Wire L-Lop Sided/Unevenly weighted O-Oily Stains S-Stiff or rigid envelope I-Is pack expected ? V-Visual distraction E-Excessive Postage

Recognition Sign We can use mnemonic “EXPLOSIVE PARCEL” P-Proper Name & Title incorrect A-Address hand written or poorly typed R-Restrictive Marking C-Common Words misspell E-European/Foreign Mail L-Lacks address of sender

Safety Precautions Evacuate all persons Stop entry into the room Don’t open letter by hand Don’t smoke near bomb Don’t cut any protruding wire Don’t jerk the letter Put letter through Mail Bomb Detector

The Value of Taking Cover 100% Standing in the open 50% Lying down in the open 35% lying behind a low cover 10% 5% Inside brick house In Shelters or trench

Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry Important Features Designate a bomb threat co-ordinator Bomb threat co-ordination control room Bomb threat assessment committee Evacuation of area Search team Evacuation signal

Bomb Threat Contingency Plan for an Industry Important Features Liaison arrangements Responsibilities of various agencies Telephone numbers Completion Certificate Remember that every Ex-Serviceman need not be an IED expert

ANY QUESTIONS