Muhammad becomes the Prophet of God –flipped learning Green pen Have you missed any point? 1. Key points in the black stone story. Ka’bah got damaged, rebuilt, 4 Clans about to fight, Muhammad resolved the issue peacefully and wisely. Significance: Muhammad is a wise man, escaped the conflict, all 4 clans participated. 2. What happened in the cave of Hira? Muhammad used to go there for meditation, at the age of 40 He received the first revelation from God through angel Gaberiel, 3. How this event is significant in Muhammad’s life and for Muslims today? Muhammad has become the final Prophet of God now. 4. ‘The Night of Power’; Key events Muhammad received the Qur’an in this night which is in the month of Ramadhan (21, 23, 25, 27 or 29th night), reward of worship in this night is more than 1000 nights’ worship Significance The month of Ramadhan is very special in reward due to the Qur’an revelation in it

Muhammad in Makkah The beginning of Islam Assess the beginning of Islam in Makkah

Task Read the textbook from page 81 –83 Highlight the key information Answer the questions in detail.

Check your answers Green pen Which surah and verse from the Qur’an refers to ‘rise and warn’? What strategy did Muhammad use to preach the message of God? Why? How did the pattern of Islam emerge gradually by the continuation of revelations? How did the process of worship (prayers) begin? Who were the first Muslims? In what ways the preaching style changed in 613CE? Note the reference from the Qur’an. Where was the first headquarter of Islam set up? How/why? Which type of people embraced Islam? How do you see it for the success of Islam? Why Muhammad and the converts got persecuted by Makkans? Think of as many reasons as you can. How the converts got persecuted by Makkans? Explain. What do you think is the significance of these events for Muhammad’s life? Specifically for Muslims today.

Beginning of Islam in Makkah In 612CE; 2nd revelation surah 74 ‘The Mantled One’---Home resting under blanket, preached within family--- “O thou wrapped up (in the mantle)! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord! And purify your garments! And keep away from idols! (Qur’an74:1-5) The pattern of revelation emerged gradually: 1. Polytheism was wrong (There is no god but God’) The beginning of Tawhid. 2. Muhammad was being called to the religion of Islam, which was original religion of Arabia. (Risalah) 3. The Arabs were to judged by God on their religion and ways of life. (Akhirah)

Muhammad’s public ministry in Makkah In 613CE, ‘Proclaim what you have been ordered and turn away from the polytheists’.(S15 V94) Dar e Arqam; Headquarter set up in the house of a young wealthy convert ‘al Arqam’ who was head of a clan. The first place of prayer was set up in the courtyard. Converts were ‘chiefly poor and weak persons’. Why Persecution began: Converts posed threat to Makkan leaders--- Muhammad’s reputation of wisdom---should become leader if accepted Prophet--- threatening the wealth of Makkah by rejecting idols--- Makkah could lose money made through the pilgrimage. Montgomery Watt claims this does not mean exactly what it says. The converts were young members of the wealthy clans, Older members of the weaker clans, Strangers to Makkah who were outside the clan protection or slaves.

The persecution Hostile campaign against Muhammad and Muslims-----Attempt on Muhammad’s life--------Torture or killed by exposure to the midday sun…his meetings were broken up by hooligans….people threw rubbish, stones and thorns outside the door of his house….Two great warriors’ conversion strengthen Muslims, Hamza and Umar. 83 Muslims fled to Abyssinia where they would be well treated by the Christian king Najjashi. Clan system protected Muhammad (AbuTalib protected but never became Muslim) Abu Jahl began new policy– the boycott of Banu Hashim. This boycott got extended to the other clans who were members of the League of Virtuous----Muhammad was in great difficulties. During this period Muhammad received many of the revelations about previous prophets e.g sura 12 Yusuf, sura 71 Nuh, sura 14 Ibrahim….. Each of these revealed how God’s prophets had been rejected by their people, but in the end the will of God had triumphed.

On the whiteboard What do you remember? How did Islam begin in Makkah? What do you know about the public ministry of Muhammad in Makkah? Why do you think Muhammad and his followers were persecuted? In what ways Muslims were persecuted in Makkah?

Home work Complete page 9; backgrounds and page 12 significance of the ‘Night of Power’in the handout