Section 8.4 – Molecular Shapes

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Presentation transcript:

Section 8.4 – Molecular Shapes Summarize the VSEPR bonding theory. Predict the shape of, and the bond angles in, a molecule. Define hybridization.

VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

VSEPR Theory (Continued) Used to determine molecular shape. Shared and unshared pairs of electrons repel each other to minimize repulsion. Electron pairs located as far apart as possible from each other.

Hybridization Hybridization – atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical, hybrid orbitals. Single, double, and triple bonds occupy only one hybrid orbital.

Hybridization (Cont.)

Hybridization (Cont.)

Hybridization (Cont.)

Hybridization (Cont.)

Assessment The two lone pairs of electrons on a water molecule do what to the bond angle between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom? A. They attract the hydrogen atoms and increase the angle greater than 109.5°. B. They occupy more space and squeeze the hydrogen atoms closer together. C. They do no affect the bond angle. D. They create resonance structures with more than one correct angle.

Assessment The two lone pairs of electrons on a water molecule do what to the bond angle between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom? B. They occupy more space and squeeze the hydrogen atoms closer together.

Assessment The sp3 hybrid orbital in CH4 has what shape? A. linear B. trigonal planar C. tetrahedral D. octahedral

Assessment The sp3 hybrid orbital in CH4 has what shape? C. tetrahedral

Assignment – Pg. 264, Problems 56-59 Determine the molecular shape, bond angle, and hybrid orbitals for each molecule: 56. BF3 57. OCl2 58. BeF2 59. CF4