Descriptive Statistics:

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Descriptive Statistics: Describing your results

Ways of describing your results Comparing group percentages Correlations of 2 or more variables Comparing group means Experimental or Quasi-experimental research

“What’s your favorite movie genre?”

Figure 1. Student and faculty response to the poll 'Should Avenue High School adopt student uniforms?'

Correlation Coefficient Numerical index that reflects the relationship between 2 variables Ranges from –1 to +1 Pearson product-moment correlation or Pearson’s r

Understanding a correlation: Eyeballing your data .8 to 1.0 Very Strong .6 to .8 Strong .4 to .6 Moderate .2 to .4 Weak .0 to .2 Very weak

Scatterplot Illustrates the relationship between variables X on the horizontal axis Y on the vertical axis Positive correlation Data from lower left to upper right Negative correlation Data from upper right to lower left

Scatterplot for + correlation

Scatterplot

Scatterplot for - correlation

Scatterplot for no correlation

Descriptive Statistics Measures of Central Tendency Mean: M The average of the scores. Add up all the scores and divide by number of scores. Median: Mdn The middle score. 50% of scores fall above, 50% fall below. Put the numbers in order from lowest to highest, and then find middle score. If the number of scores is even, take the average of the two middle scores. Mode The most frequent score.

Descriptive Statistics Measures of Variability Variance: s2 Standard deviation: s or SD N = number of participants

Why Standard Deviation Matters