Unit 1 Evolution Section 5 Evolution of Populations Access Biology

Units in Evolution What is a Living Thing? Vocabulary Vocabulary with websites Evolution Evolution of Populations Artificial Selection Activities and Labs Units in Evolution

Essential Questions/ Big Ideas What are Charles Darwin’s big ideas? What are adaptations and how can they impact a species’ survival? What is artificial selection? Essential Questions/ Big Ideas

Standards SC.912.L.15.14 Discuss mechanisms of evolutionary change other than natural selection such as genetic drift and gene flow. SC.912.L.15.In.1 Identify that prehistoric plants and animals changed over time (evolved) or became extinct. SC.912.L.15.Su.1 Match fossils to related species. SC.912.L.15.Pa.1 Recognize that plants and animals change as they age. SC.912.L.15.15 Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation. SC.912.L.15.Su.6 Recognize that characteristics of the offspring of living things are sometimes different from their parents. SC.912.L.15.Pa.4 Recognize differences in physical characteristics within a species of animals, such as different types of dogs. SC.912.L.16.2 Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles. SC.912.L.16.In.2 Identify traits that plants and animals, including humans, inherit. SC.912.L.16.Su.1 Recognize characteristics (traits) that offspring inherit from parents. SC.912.L.16.Pa.1 Recognize similar characteristics (traits) between a child and parents, such as hair, eye, and skin color, or height. SC.912.L.16.Pa.2 Recognize similarities in characteristics of plants and animals of the same type (species).

Do you see something different in these ladybugs? What?

Big Ideas Charles Darwin learned… Adaptations and variations were inherited. Adaptations and variations helped the species survive. Species evolve over time…not individuals

First of all, what are genes? Genes are transferred to offspring by their parents Genes determine characteristics and traits for offspring A Gene is part of a chromosome (each person has 23 pair of chromosomes)

Where do adaptations and variations come from? GENES A gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Learn more at Floridastudents.org

Genes are like a map

5 Fingers of Evolution How can a “thumbs up” sign help us remember five processes that impact evolution? The story of the Five Fingers of Evolution gives us a clever way of understanding change in gene pools over time.

Why are genes in the same species different? There are 3 main ways we get genetic variation: Mutations Genetic recombination during reproduction Gene transfer Why are genes in the same species different?

The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow

1. Mutations A change in genetic sequence These changes are important to a species survival. Without, variations would never take place. Can be good or bad or neutral.

Example of negative mutations This cat’s legs are much shorter than other cat breeds’. This bacteria’s mutation can make it resistant to medicine Example of negative mutations Why would having shorter legs put this cat at a disadvantage

Click on image for video

Discussion What is a mutation? In what different ways can mutations affect an organism? How can a simple mutation end up having a major effect on the phenotype of an organism? What does it mean to say that mutations are random? Discussion

Spot the Difference: Zebrafish Click on the image to link to a lab activity Spot the Difference: Zebrafish

2. Genetic recombination You got your genes from your mom and dad. Are you identical? Do you have brothers or sisters that look differently than you? Maybe one brother has green eyes and his sister has brown eyes?

2. Genetic recombination Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. That means there are 8.4 million possible combinations! Genetic recombination is the idea that we can combine our genes during reproduction and get hugely varied results.

Examples of genetic recombination This shows you how the same chromosomes can create different results This Puggle is a cross between a Pug and a Beagle

3. Gene transfer This is gene transfer Most common in bacteria and germs Usually genes transfer from parent to offspring, but sometimes they transfer from individuals to non-offspring. 3. Gene transfer

Learn more about mutations… Click on image to play

Genetic Word Search Click on word search for online version

Genetics Crossword Puzzle Click on puzzle to go to online version