The Basics of Atomic Structure

Terms you should know… Atom: smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of that element. Chemical Reaction: Reaction where atoms combine in such a way to form new substances.

Atomic Structure Each element has a unique chemical identity. - The key to understanding the identity of an atom is in it’s structure and the components that make up it’s structure.

Atomic Particle Distribution

Subatomic Particles Electron (e-) (-) charge 1/1840 amu located outside the nucleus Proton (p+) (+) charge 1 amu Located inside the nucleus Neutron (n0) No charge

In grams, one atomic mass unit (u) is equal to: What’s amu? amu is shorthand for “Atomic Mass Unit (u)” Atomic Mass Units are the units used to express atomic and molecular units. One atomic mass unit (u) is roughly equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. In grams, one atomic mass unit (u) is equal to: 1.66053886 × 10−24 g

Nucleus In the center of the atom and contains the protons and neutrons Makes up 99% of the mass of the atom.

Elements in the Periodic Table Atomic Number: This is the number of protons In a neutral atom: Number of protons = Number of electrons Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons (total number of particles in the nucleus) Atomic mass: the average mass of all known isotopes of the element Most abundant isotope can be found by rounding atomic mass to nearest whole number 6 C Carbon 12.001

So what’s your (atomic) number? An element will always have the same number of protons regardless of the number of neutrons and electrons. An element can be identified by its Atomic Number. An Isotope is an element with a number of neutrons that differ from its number of protons (atomic number) therefore, the mass number will be different for the same element. All atoms of an element are considered an isotope, some are more common than others. An Ion is an element with a number of electrons that differ from its number of protons. An ion is a charged atom. Cation is a positive ion Anion is an negative ion Notice: it’s the number of electrons and neutrons that change, not the atomic number!

Introduction to Isotopes All atoms of an element are considered an isotope, only some are more common than others. Even though isotopes have different amounts of neutrons they are still chemically alike since they have the same number of protons and electrons. Atomic mass is the average of all isotopes of the element. To find the most common isotope round the atomic mass to nearest whole number. -Ex: Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon Which isotope is the most common for the element Boron?

Isotope Notation Mass number is written to the top left. Atomic number is written at the bottom left. What would the notation look like for Carbon 14?

So what are isotopes good for? Dope testing - one of the initial tests to determine if someone has been doping with synthetic testosterone is a test for a high concentration of an isotope that’s not contained within naturally produced testosterone, but within the synthetic testosterone derived from yams. More tests will have to be conducted if it is revealed that the athlete is a vegetarian with an affinity for yams.

Radiometric Dating

Making Bombs