History and Introduction Chapter 1

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Presentation transcript:

History and Introduction Chapter 1 Psychology History and Introduction Chapter 1

History Philosophers Socrates and Plato Aristotle René Descartes dualism Aristotle René Descartes Interactive dualism

History Empiricism John Locke Tabula Rasa An English philosopher named John Locke postulated the tabula rasa (blank slate) theory, which states that people learn and acquire ideas from external forces, or the environment. Humans are born with an empty mind, having no knowledge whatsoever. People acquire ideas from the surrounding world, turning simple ideas into complex ones. This blank slate of mind starts off devoid of any knowledge, but then it is “written on” as a person lives and experiences. Therefore, a person has no identity until after birth.

History Wilhelm Wundt 1st lab

Historic Approaches Structuralism Edward Bradford Titchener Wundt Introspection

Historic Approaches Functionalism William James Mary Whiton Calkins Harvard Father of American Psychology Mary Whiton Calkins

Historic Approaches Gestalt Max Wertheirmer Wolfgang Kohler Kurt Koffka

Historic Approaches Inheritable Traits Sir Francis Galton

Psychology In Practice 2 Types Research Applied Branches Counseling Clinical Psychiatrists

Psychology In Practice Subfields Biological Developmental Cognitive Personality Educational Social Industrial/Organizational Quantitative Sports Forensic Environmental

Contemporary Approaches Neuroscience/Biological Roger Sperry August 20, 1913 – April 17, 1994 Michael Gazzaniga

Contemporary Approaches Evolutionary Charles Darwin Natural Selection

Contemporary Approaches Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson

Contemporary Approaches Behavioral Ivan Pavlov BF Skinner JB Watson Edward Tolman Albert Bandura

Contemporary Approaches Cognitive Aaron Beck Albert Ellis Jean Piaget

Contemporary Approaches Humanistic Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow

Contemporary Approaches Sociocultural

Contemporary Approaches Biopsychosocial