The History of Psychology

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Important Psychologists Chapter 1. Mary Whiton Calkins  Known for two things: 1. Becoming the first female president of the American Psychological Association.

Advertisements

Modified from -Paula Pilarska.  The scientific study of human and animal behavior.

Questions for focus: Who are the major contributors to the field of psychology? What are the major fields in psychology? What are the major subfields.

“ A History of Psychology” “Roots from ancient Greece” More than 2000 years ago, Plato a student of Socrates in acient Greece, recorded his teachers advice.

A HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY. Where have we been?  Yesterday we learned:  Three Main interests of Psychologists.

History of Psychology Pages

Where does Psychology Come From? A Brief History.

A Short History of Psychology. Origins of Psychology Phrenology Greeks- 5 th & 6 th centuries B.C. –People’s lives were dominated not so much by gods.

1. “Psychology’s intellectual parents were the disciplines of

History of Psychology.

A Brief History of Psychology Chapter 1 Section 2.

History of Psychology. Roots in Greece Plato once gave the idea to a student “Know Thyself” Socrates said it is important to examine our thoughts and.

The History of Psychology. Objective Students will create a timeline in order to explain the historical emergence of Psychology as a field of study. Students.

What Psychologists Do  Some psychologists research, others consult – or apply psychological knowledge in therapy, and others teach  Clinical Psychologists.

Chapter One What is Psychology?. 1. Why Study Psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior – any action that.

History of Psychology.

Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Psychology.

The Field of Psychology.  Psychologists work in just about every setting you can imagine.  About 1/3 help people with personal problems.  Psychology.

The Science of Psychology Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Learning Objective Menu Ψ LO 1.1 Definition, goals, and philosophical influences of psychologyLO 1.1 Definition,

History of Psychology.

The History of Psychology Before Psychology was a Defined Field.

History of Psychology. Psychology Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Definition: The scientific study of behavior and.

Welcome Back Let’s review: What is psychology. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. –Uses scientific research methods. –Behavior.

Unit One.  Psychology is the scientific, systematic study of human behavior and mental processes.

Background of Psychology Quick Historical Overview.

Of Psychology HISTORY. a. Pre-Scientific I.HISTORY Socrates & Plato - knowledge is born within us. - Introspection - Examining one’s own thoughts & feelings.

Chapter 1 The History of Psychology. Traditional psychology has only existed for about 100 years, but its origins go back deeply into history. As far.

Section 3 – A History of Psychology A. Ancient Greece 1. Socrates suggested much can be learned by examining our thoughts and feelings. a. This is called.

Schools of thought in psychology.  Early roots in ancient Greek philosophy introspection: “know thyself” (Socrates) associationism (roots of learning.

Domains/Careers in the Psychology Field. Cognitive Explores internal mental processes Studies how people think, perceive, remember, and solve problems.

History of Psychology. Modern Psychology’s Nineteenth-Century Roots Module 2: History and Perspectives.

HistoryOf Modern Psychology. Phrenology  19 th Century  The skull takes its shape from the brain, so reading the surface of the skull you can read the.

HISTORY OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY. CHARLES DARWIN Study animals to understand human behavior Sexual selection – explained structures unrelated to survival.

Second Hour -What is Psychology? What are the historical roots of psychology as a discipline? Structuralism - Wundt and Titchener Functionalism - James.

1. What is psychology? 2. What type of work do psychologists do? 3. What type of things do psychologists study 4. Why is the study of psychology important?

A History of Psychology

A History of Psychology

History of Psychology. Caveman times ► 1 st to deal with “oddities” ► Trepanning – the opening of the skull to let out evil spirits Did it work?

Psychology. What is psychology? Psychology – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Scientific research methods are used to answer questions.

Psychology is a social science, but has its foundations in the natural sciences. The social sciences include history, anthropology, economics, political.

Psychology. Objectives Describe how psychology developed from its prescientific roots in early understandings of mind and body to the beginnings of modern.

Psychology: History and Approaches

Psychology Is Born First Experimental Psych Lab (1879)

Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism Considered “father” of psychology

Unit 1: History of Psychology and Research Methods

Introduction to Psychology

The History of Psych We can trace the roots of western Psych back to ancient Greece The Philosopher Socrates is our first written record of Introspective.

History of Psychology.

Answer the following: What is behavior??

Welcome Back Let’s review: What is psychology.

Psychological Perspectives through History

History of Psychology.

History of Psychology and Contemporary Perspectives

What is Psychology? Psychology is the scientific, systematic study of human behavior and mental processes.

Unit 1: History and Approaches

History of Psychology.

Psychology The science of behavior and mental processes.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)

Unit 1: Introduction to Psychology

FOUNDATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Wilhelm Wundt Considered the founder of the discipline of psychology

Schools of thought in psychology

HISTORICAL FIGURES.

AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches

Intro to Psychology Unit 1.

Famous Psychologists.

Famous Psychologists.

Psychology The science of behavior and mental processes.

Presentation transcript:

The History of Psychology

Ancient Greece Advice: “Know thyself”, which has remained a motto of psychology ever since. Introspection: careful examination of one’s own thoughts and emotions-to achieve self knowledge. “looking within”

Middle Ages 500-1500 Belief in demons (not understanding mental illness) Certain “tests” used to determine whether one was possessed by a demon. Ex. Throwing someone in deep water. If they floated to the top, clearly they were impure and possessed. They were executed for associating with the Devil.

The Enlightenment 1650-1800 Rational thought Reason Science

Philippe Pinel French physician in late 1700s Unchained patients held in mental wards Argued against the prevailing belief that the mentally ill were possessed by demons. Leader in improving conditions for the mentally ill.

Dorothea Dix Teacher in 1840s that led a crusade to give mentally ill people better treatment The mentally ill were imprisoned like criminals.

Wilhelm Wundt-Late 1800s “Father of Psychology” b/c he set up first scientific lab for study of psychology Founded Structuralism. Study of the elements of consciousness. Used introspection as the tool for gathering data

Structuralists would be interested in all of the memories and sensations this woman is experiencing as she smells the flower. BASIC PERCEPTIONS

Structuralism-Conscious mental experience Ex. Even though these children experience the same sensations (sweetness and coldness) as they enjoy eating their ice cream, their reported introspections (looking inward to examine one’s own conscious experience) of the experience would probably differ.

William James 1st American Psychologist Founded Functionalism Late 1800s Founded Functionalism Studied how the mind functions to adapt humans and other animals to their environment. Direct observation in a laboratory supplements introspection.

Structuralism v. Functionalism..it’s like… The difference between stopping a train to tear it apart to study its parts (structuralism), and looking at how the systems interact while it is running (functionalism).

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis, a school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior. Based on the idea that much of our lives are governed by or limited by unconscious ideas and impulses that have their origins in childhood conflicts.

Psychoanalysis continued. Freud came to believe that unconscious processes, especially sexual and aggressive impulses, are more influential than conscious thought in determining human behavior. Believed that repressed urges, in trying to surface, create nervous disorders. He relied on personal observation and reflection instead of controlled laboratory experimentation. (NOT scientific)

Human mental life is like an iceberg Human mental life is like an iceberg. The smallest, visible part of the iceberg represents the conscious mental experience of the individual. But underwater, hidden from view, floats a vast store of unconscious impulses, wishes, and desires.

Mary Whiton Calkins Female pioneer in psychology-late 1800s Tutored by William James Women were not allowed to get Ph.D.’s But, she completed all the requirements for one at Harvard and outperformed all her male counterparts on the tests. Became the first female president the American Psychological Association (APA). Mary Whiton Calkins

John B. Watson Founder of American Behaviorism early 1900’s Believed psychology must limit itself to observable, measurable events. Based his work on Pavlov. Believed that all behavior is learned “Little Albert” story *see Youtube clip

Behaviorism School of Psychology that focuses on the learning and effects of observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses. From the 1920s to the 1960s, Behaviorism was the dominant force in American Psychology.

B.F. Skinner-Behaviorist Major Modern contributor to Behaviorism Believed in Reinforcement: When a behavior is increased by a stimulus. Example: train rats to push toys across the floor by giving them rewards of food. See youtube clip: pigeons