Marine environmental awareness course

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Presentation transcript:

Marine environmental awareness course Emissions to air - Overview Name – Date

Emissions to air: Overview Contents Introduction The sky is the limit Six main air pollutants Four main problem areas Role of shipping Photo credits: North Sea Foundation/ Green Award Foundation

1. Introduction Major environmental issue – strict regulations on land Shipping regulations late in time - since 2005 Photo credits: ProSea

Air emissions from ships at relatively high level because: Type of fuel Lifetime of ship engines Photo credits: unknown/Job Orbiso 4

The atmosphere contains different layers of air 2. The sky is the limit ±50 km ±10 km The atmosphere contains different layers of air Illustration credits: ProSea

Where ‘the weather’ takes place Where most pollutants end up Troposphere (0-10 km) Where we live Where ‘the weather’ takes place Where most pollutants end up Stratosphere (10-50 km) - Where the ozone layer is - Relatively stable air layer - Little exchange with troposhere Photo credits: NOAA/ProSea

3. Six pollutants CO2 – carbon dioxide (engine) SOx – sulphur oxides (engine) examples: SO2, SO3 ... Sulphur (S) in fuel reacts with oxygen (O2) in air NOx – nitrogen oxides (engine) examples: NO, NO2, N2O2 ... Nitrogen (N2) in air reacts with oxygen (O2) in air PM – Particulate Matter (engine) small particles, such as ash, burned lubricant oil Halons and CFCs (cooling systems) VOCs – Volatile Organic Compounds (cargo-related)

4. Four main problems Acidification Climate change Ozone depletion Air quality Photo credits: unknown/Air Pollution and Climate Secretariat/NOAA’s National Weather Service Collection John Neander/NASA

Problems and pollutants (quiz) Substance CO2 SOx NOx PM Halons and (H)CFC’s VOC’s Climate Change Air quality (smog - health problems) Acidification Climate change Air quality (smog - health problems) Acidification Climate change Air quality (health problems) Depletion of ozone layer Air quality (potentially carcinogenic) 9

5. Role of shipping air quality acidification Regional: ozone depletion climate change Emissions travel 100 of kms (UK-Scandinavia range) Global: Photo credits: unknown/Air Pollution and Climate Secretariat/NOAA’s National Weather Service Collection John Neander/NASA

Shipping also contributes to regional air pollution Als je als scheepvaart alleen midden op de oceaan zou zitten, zou je geen invloed hebben op regionale luchtproblemen zoals zure regen, smog en PM. Maar meeste scheepvaart dichtbij land! NB - voor CO2 maakt het niet uit waar je vaart! Geen regionaal maar een globaal probleem. because 70% of shipping activities are within 400 km distance from coast Photo credits: National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara 11

Questions?