The Auditory Sense: Hearing

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Presentation transcript:

The Auditory Sense: Hearing EQ: What is the process though which we hear and how do we differentiate between sounds?

Step 1: Accessory Structures of Hearing Sounds (A repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium, such as air) are what we hear. The Pinna, in effect, guides the sound down the Ear Canal to the Tympanic Membrane

Focus on the Tympanic Membrane

Step 2: Receptor Structures of Hearing Transduction in the ear takes place in the Cochlea. The Cochlea can expand and contract in order to differentiate the sound(s) being passed into it.

Focus on the Basilar Membrane (corti)

Step 3: Sensory Nerves of Hearing Once the information has been coded during transduction, the information travels up the auditory nerve to the Thalamus.

Steps 4/5: Sensory Nerves of Hearing Once in the Thalamus, the neural impulse is sent to the Primary Auditory Cortex within the temporal lobe Within this structure, the neural impulse is decoded (Perceived) and decisions based on behavior occur

Sensing Loudness: A loud sound has a higher amplitude The further the distance between the peak and baseline, the louder the sound (amplitude) We can measure how loud a sound is in decibels (db)

Sensing Pitch: Pitch refers to the frequency of sound waves measured in hertz The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency (pitch) The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency(pitch)

Sensing Timbre: Timbre is the quality of a sound It is determined by the frequency and amplitudes of a sound The best quality of timbre comes from naturally heard sounds

Deafness: Deafness can be caused by several issues within the sense of hearing. While some forms of deafness can be treated, others are permanent

Conduction Deafness: The most common form of deafness Caused when the three inner bones (Malleus, Incus, Stapes) of the ear fuse Can be treated through hearing aids

Nerve Deafness: Caused by damage to the auditory nerve or the Cortical Cells Can be treated through Cochlear implants

Temporal Lobe Deafness: Caused by damage to the temporal lobe Cannot be treated

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