Which is an example of a producer/consumer relationship? Wednesday, May 10 Which is an example of a producer/consumer relationship? human/tick Deer/cougar Grass/mouse Tree/mushroom

Atoms-----Molecules------Minerals-----Rocks 5 Characteristics of a Mineral Naturally occurring: not plastic, not cement Inorganic: not from living plants or animals Solid Crystal structure: Definite Chemical Composition: SiO4=silicon

Examples of common minerals: Halite: salt Quartz Magnetite Pyrite Mica Copper

Three Types of Rocks E D C Igneous: “Fire” from the volcano Extrusive: small crystals Obsidian pumice Igneous: “Fire” from the volcano Sedimentary: Metamorphic: changed by heat and pressure: swirly lines (marble, slate, gneiss) Intrusive: large crystals granite E D C

The Rock Cycle: how rocks are “reincarnated” Erosion Deposit Compact Cement Heat and pressure

How soil is made by weathering: Minerals are produced from rocks (parent material) through the processes of weathering and natural erosion. Water, wind, temperature change, gravity, chemical interaction, living organisms and pressure differences all help break down parent material. Other components of soil are from decomposition of dead plants and animals.

Relative Ages of Rocks: oldest on the bottom

How are fossils formed?

Earthquakes and Volcanoes: Seismic waves transfer MECHANICAL energy, flowing magma transfers HEAT (Thermal) and MECHANICAL energy. Faults are places in the earth’s crust where energy builds up as Potential (ELASTIC) energy. When the rocks finally release this potential energy, there is an earthquake. The seismic waves are energy that move outward in all directions from the epicenter, gradually decreasing in energy as they travel outward.

P-Waves: Primary waves, first to arrive after an earthquake

S-Waves: Secondary, arrive next after an earthquake

Seismogram from a Seismograph

Phase Change Diagram D E C B A

Chemical Properties: The ability or Potential for it to change into something new. Cannot be reversed Examples: flammability, oxidation (rusting), corrosive, explosive, toxic

Physical Property A characteristic of matter that you can observe and measure without changing the identity Identify with physical senses See Touch Taste Smell Examples: phase of matter, color, size, mass, density, freezing point, boiling point

Chemical Changes: cannot be reversed P G T

Physical Changes: Can be reversed Melting and freezing Chopping it up Mixing it Dissolving it in water