The Growth of a Young Nation

Purposes of the Constitution The initial goals of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was to amend the Articles of Confederation Their 5 goals for creating a new Constitution were: To establish legitimacy: The right to rule To create appropriate structures for a representative democracy To describe and distribute power between the different branches and the states To limit government powers To allow for change: Amendments

The Preamble “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” Use S.O.A.P.S.tone to analyze this source Identify which of the framers goals “the Preamble” applies to. Why?

The Bill of Rights The Anti-federalists demanded these first 10 amendments for the Constitution in order to ensure the rights of the people. With a partner, complete the Bill of Rights worksheet. When you are finished, follow the directions at the bottom of the page.

Development of the Two Party System George Washington, the first president of the USA, appointed men to help him run the government: Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury

Hamilton vs. Jefferson Hamilton: Jefferson: Strong Central Government led by a wealthy and educated upper class Commerce and Industry were the keys to success FEDERALISTS Jefferson: Distrust of the central government He favored strong state and local government A society of Farmer Citizens DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS The differences in Washington’s cabinet gave rise to a two-party system

Washington advises against Political Parties Washington’s Farewell Address: “However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.” The Address of General Washington to the People of America, 1796.

The Jeffersonian Era The Election of 1800: A hard fought battle against John Adams the current president that remained PEACEFUL John Marshall and the Supreme Court Before Adams left office he tried to influence future decisions by attempting to appointing Federalist judges= Midnight Judges

Marbury vs. Madison 1803 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TVkeRUvX_U By denying Marbury’s claim that Madison had to deliver the appointments Chief Justice John Marshall set up the system of Judicial Review. The Constitution is the “supreme law of the land, no law that goes against the Constitution can be valid.” Judicial Review: review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. With a partner review the Court Decision and answer the subsequent questions.

Marbury vs. Madison What is Judicial Review? What is the significance of Judicial Review?

The Louisiana Purchase 1803 Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to Jefferson for $15 million It doubled the size of the United States Lewis and Clark led a group to explore the territory in 1804. They showed that transcontinental travel was possible

The War of 1812 Fighting between England and France caused problems with American shipping President James Madison was upset with British policy of impressment Impressment= seizing American sailors at sea and forcing them into the British navy. Victory led to the end of the Federalist Party, the growth of American industry, and the legitimacy of the USA

Nationalism and James Monroe The Monroe Doctrine 1823 “Our policy in regard to Europe…is not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers…But in regard to those continents of the Western Hemisphere…its is impossible that the allied [European] powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness.” Annual message to Congress, James Monroe 1823

The Age of Jackson Andrew Jackson=the rugged Westerner Established Jacksonian Democracy: political power for all classes The Spoils System gave jobs to friends and allies

Civilization or Removal Civilization: Native Americans would become farmers; convert to Christianity; own individual portions of land, rather than share; learn to read and write English; and ultimately become Americans

Civilization or Removal Removal: Based on the idea that the civilization was never going to succeed and the only option was to find some place in the West to settle Native Americans Trail of Tears

The Indian Removal Act 1830 Trail of Tears Removal and Relocation of Native American tribes

Trail of Tears, Robert Lindneux 1942

Indian Removal Act Highlight all of the “ benefits” of removal. Explain Andrew Jackson’s argument in 13 words After learning about what happened on the Trail of Tears, Circle the sentence that is the most shocking to you

Manifest Destiny Many Americans believed their movement Westward was predestined by God The USA was destined to reach the Pacific Ocean. In fact, it was manifest or obvious/inevitable Ex: The Oregon Trail

Manifest Destiny Manifest: clear or obvious Destiny: future or fate

Manifest Destiny

The United States, 1872

Map of the United States 1816

John Melish Map of the United States 1816

Melish Commentary on his Map To present the country this way was desirable…the map shows at a glance the whole extent of the United States territory from sea to sea. In tracing the probable expansion of the human race from east to west, the mind finds an agreeable resting place on its western limits. The view is complete and leaves nothing to be wished for. It also adds to the beauty and symmetry of the map. John Melish, Map of the United States,1816