BELLWORK: 1/22 How did nuclear parity impact Cold War strategy? How did FDR and Truman’s views differ regarding Soviet participation in WWII in the Pacific? Describe the decisions made about the future of Japan by the Allied Council. Why did Americans support the GMD? How did this show misunderstanding of the situation in China? THINKER: How did the Truman administration view the relationship between Stalin and Mao? How was this different than reality?

Key Developments in 1949

The Cold War goes Global Emergence of superpower rivalry in Asia

Describe the decisions made about the future of Japan by the Allied Council. Seizure of Zaibatsu family assets in 1946 Tokyo in 1946

Japan under the authority of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) Japanese-ruled Taiwan and the Spratley Islands, ceded to the Republic of China Karafuto Prefecture and the Kuril Islands, ceded to the Soviet Union. Japanese-ruled Korea south of the 38th parallel north, placed under the authority of the United States Army Military Government in Korea, granted independence in 1948 as South Korea. GMD Leased Territory, occupied by the Soviet Union 1945-1955, returned to China in 1955. Japanese-ruled Korea north of the 38th parallel north, placed under the authority of the Soviet Civil Authority, granted independence in 1948 as North Korea. South Pacific Mandate, occupied by the United States 1945-1947, converted into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1947. Occupation of Japan

Why did Americans support the GMD Why did Americans support the GMD? How did this show misunderstanding of the situation in China?

How did the Truman administration view the relationship between Stalin and Mao? How was this different than reality?

Mao & Stalin’s Relationship Stalin’s views of Mao Mao’s views of Stalin Feared Mao as a rival Didn't want Cold War to spread to Asia GMD would support Soviet territorial claims Mao was too independent and difficult to control Mao was NOT a true Marxist (cult of personality & peasant-led revolution) Stalin wanted a weak China so he could control Asia Stalin’s policies are only self-interest Stalin was not a true Marxist (didn’t want global spread & too militant)

Stalin’s 70th birthday

Discussion Both Mao & Stalin criticized each other for not being true revolutionaries…… why? What is the main ideological difference between their interpretations of communism? (Chinese communism vs. Soviet communism?)

Mao & Stalin The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Alliance: 1950 Goal: Increase economic/cultural ties Soviet loans had to be repaid with interest USSR exploited China Soviet investment in construction projects Soviet military assistance Why was there so much criticism of this treaty? Mao: “Stalin did not wish to sign the treaty; he finally signed it after two months of negotiating” U.S. State Dept.: “Moscow making puppets out of the Chinese” Khrushchev referred to it as: “an insult to the Chinese people”

Background of Sino-American Relations WWII: US aided GMD against Japan (some aide to CCP) CCW: US aided GMD against CCP Post-CCW: US recognized ROC as legitimate China & blocked PRC in UN Other contributing factors to tension: Korea, Japan, Tibet, nuclear weapons

Sino-American Hostility: 1949-1970 The following events contributed to hostility between China & the US……… 1950’s Tibet (1950) Korea (1950-1953) Taiwan (1954 & 1958) 1960’s Vietnam Decolonization Cultural Revolution

US Involvement in Taiwan USS Lexington; aircraft carrier central to Seventh Fleet – patrolled Taiwan strait

Homework: due Wednesday! Read 2.3 on the Korean War! Pages 76-83!

Group Activity: Emergence of the Superpower Rivalry in Asia The class will be divided into four groups, each representing a key position in post-war Asia: Nationalists (GMD – Jiang) Communists (CCP – Mao) USSR (Stalin) US (Truman) Be ready to explain to the class your position regarding the breakdown of relations after WWII and how it affected your position in the region. Include key developments post-war and the end of the Chinese Civil War.