Plants

What is a Plant? Multicellular ________________ Cell wall made of ________________ ________________ Non-motile

What is required for survival? ________________ Water Gas exchange Movement of water and ________________

Basics Parts ________________ Roots Stem – Gametophyte/ sporophyte Light collectors for photosynthesis Roots Absorb ________________ and minerals Stem – Contains ________________ tissues Xylem – tube used to move water Phloem – tube used to move food (________________) Gametophyte/ sporophyte

Plant Life Cycle Two alternating phases called the “alternation of generations” ________________ phase – aka sporophyte phase Plant produces ________________ ________________ phase – aka gametophyte phase Plant produces gametes through meiosis Gametes fuse during ________________ to create a new plant

Groups of Plants - Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Depend on ________________ for reproduction Sperm has to ________________ to egg Lack vascular tissue – rely on ________________ for transport of water Typically only a few ________________ tall

Groups of Plants – Seedless Vascular Plants Ferns, club mosses, horsetails Contains vascular system – _______________ and ________________ – to move water and nutrients Can grow much ________________ and more upright Requires ________________ for reproduction

Groups of Plants – Seed Plants Two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Reproduction free of ________________ ________________, cones – seed-bearing structures ________________ Contains sperm and is carried by wind or animals Lands on female structure – called Pollination Seeds protect ________________ and provide a ________________ source

Gymnosperms - “Naked Seed” ________________ -bearers: includes gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes, conifers Reproduction takes place within cones Pollen cones – produces _______________ grains Seed cones – produce ovules (_______________) Pollen is typically carried by ________________ to a seed cone Seed cone contains a sticky secretion to “catch” the pollen to ensure ________________

Gymnosperms - “Naked Seed” Fertilization occurs when sperm and egg fuse creating a ________________ Zygote develops into an ________________ and develops within a ________________

Angiosperms – Flowering Plants All reproductive structures are contained in ________________ Every flower contains male structures that create ________________ and female structures that create ________________ Rely on ________________ for pollination, rather than wind Create ________________ to protect seed

Angiosperms – Flowering Plants ________________ Seeds Single cotyledon Two cotyledons Leaves Parallel veins Branched veins Flowers Flower parts in 3s Flower parts in 4s or 5s Stems Vascular bundles scattered Vascular bundles in a ring Roots Fibrous roots taproot

Angiosperms - Flowers Flowers have 4 specialized parts ________________– leaf-like structure of flower Encloses the ________________ before it opens and protects developing flower ________________– colorful part of flower Used to attract pollinators ________________– male structure Anther – produces ________________ Filament – supports ________________

Angiosperms - Flowers ________________(aka Pistil) – female structure Ovary – contains ________________(eggs) Stigma – sticky portion of carpel – catches ________________ Style – supports stigma; contains a tube that allows ________________ to travel from stigma to ________________

Angiosperms - Fruit As seeds mature, the ovary walls thicken to form ________________ that encloses the seed A fruit applies to any seed that is enclosed within its ________________ wall – so vegetables would also be considered fruit in this case Huge advantage in ________________ How? ________________________________