Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars

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Presentation transcript:

Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars Background/Causes By 300 BCE, Rome was one of the five world powers along with: The great empire of Carthage in the west 3 Hellenistic monarchies: Egypt, Syria and Macedon in the east

Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars Carthage Carthage proved to be its most dangerous and stubborn rival It was an oligarchy of rich merchants and an imposing navy Vast armies of conscripted subjects from colonies (North Africa, Spain), supplemented with hired troops Generals of victorious armies enjoyed fame and fortune while those who failed were crucified Viewed by Romans as a “hardy and gloomy people…austere…care little for amusements or the graces of life”

Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars Messana Bandits took over Messana (northern tip of Sicily) around 264 BCE Messana called on Carthage for her help but found itself under the strict military rule of a Carthaginian general The people of Messana sought help from Rome Rome responded by going to war with Carthage…for a very long time

Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars The First Punic War Fought in Sicily Rome established a fleet of quinqueremes (ships) to fight Carthage Each ship was also equipped with a corvus (moveable gangplank with a spike on the end) After a few defeats by the Romans, Carthaginians responded with faster, lighter ships for sea battles and made use of elephants in land battles However, Carthage was conquering more land in Africa at the same time and the battles in Sicily were less important to them Rome eventually won in 241 BCE RESULT: Rome acquired Sicily and its riches as a province, gained control of the Western Mediterranean and proved it had amassed loyal allies and an excellent fighting machine

Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars Second Punic War Fought mostly on Roman territory [the infamous Hannibal was involved here- stay tuned for more on him to come!] RESULT: Rome acquired Carthaginian territories of Spain Now it was all-powerful in the Western Mediterranean

Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars Third Punic War fought in North Africa [also involved Hannibal…stay tuned!] RESULT: Rome destroyed Carthage Gained control of North Africa

Overall Results of the Punic Wars Challenges to the Republic: The Punic Wars Overall Results of the Punic Wars Rome would never truly be the same again It now had a huge empire, but at what cost (turns out, the republic itself would pay the cost…)