Notes Science SPI 0807.T/E.2 Eng Design Process

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Notes Science SPI 0807.T/E.2 Eng Design Process Tennessee Science SPI Standard: (0807.T/E.2) Evaluate a protocol to determine if the engineering design process was successfully applied. Tennessee US History Standard: (US.73) Describe the competition between the two “superpowers” of the United States and the Soviet Union in the areas of arms development, economic dominance, and ideology… Tennessee US History Standard: (US.104) Evaluate technological and scientific advances, including the work of significant innovators…in the fields of medicine, transportation, communication… Tennessee US History (former) Standard: (US.88) Describe President Kennedy’s…program to propel the United States to superiority in the Space Race

History/Science of Space Exploration and SPI 0807.T/E 1 to 4 Notes Science History/Science of Space Exploration (A) Early rocket technology (B) Space Race between U.S.A and the U.S.S.R. (C) Apollo program and the moon landings (D) Space Station(s) (E) Space Shuttle (F) Robotic exploration

Video Link: Newton's Third Law of Motion Space Exploration and SPI 0807.T/E 1 to 4 Notes Science Rocket Technology Fact: Aircraft with jet engines or propellers CANNOT travel in space because there is no air! Fact: Rockets can travel in space because they do not require air to move (Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion) Fact: Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion states this: For every action (force), there is an equal and opposite action (force). This law describes how the chemical reaction exhaust from the end of a rocket moves the rocket forward. Video Link: Newton's Third Law of Motion

Primitive Rocket Technology Space Exploration and SPI 0807.T/E 1 to 4 Notes Science Primitive Rocket Technology (China-around 1232 B.C.)

Primitive Rocket Technology (Dr. Robert Goddard-around 1920) Space Exploration and SPI 0807.T/E 1 to 4 Notes Science Primitive Rocket Technology (Dr. Robert Goddard-around 1920)

Modern Rocket Technology Space Exploration and SPI 0807.T/E 1 to 4 Notes Science Modern Rocket Technology (Germany-1943)

Space Race: USA vs. USSR Fact: USA and USSR (Russia) fought together against Nazi Germany during WWII. Fact: USA and USSR both captured German rocket scientists and equipment near the end of WWII. V-1 Rocket V-2 Rocket Fact: After WW II , the US and USSR (Russia) competed against each other with bigger/more powerful rockets

Video Link: President Kennedy-Why go to the moon? Fact: Under president Eisenhower on July 29, 1958 congress created N.A.S.A. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Fact: Russia (USSR) placed the very first satellite in orbit (Sputnik-1957) and they were first to put a man in orbit (1961). Sputnik Satellite Fact: To catch up with Russia, in 1961 president Kennedy committed the United States to landing a man on the moon. Video Link: President Kennedy-Why go to the moon?

USSR (Russian) Rocket (Vostock) Space Race: USA vs. USSR USSR (Russian) Rocket (Vostock)

Space Race: USA vs. USSR USA Rocket (Saturn 5)

Moon landing: Eagle Spacecraft USA won the race to the moon in 1969 Apollo Program

Mir Space Station (Russia: 1986-1998) Space Stations Fact: After the moon race was over, both the USA and USSR focused on orbital space stations. Mir Space Station (Russia: 1986-1998)

Skylab Space Station (USA: 1973-1974) Space Stations Fact: After the moon race was over, both the USA and USSR focused on orbital space stations Skylab Space Station (USA: 1973-1974)

International Space Station (I.S.S.-1998 to Present) Space Stations Fact: Now Russia and the United States are working together in an international space station. International Space Station (I.S.S.-1998 to Present)

Space Shuttles Fact: Both Russia and the United States developed reusable spacecraft called space shuttles 1st US Space Shuttle Enterprise-1976 Russian Space Shuttle Buran-1988

First spacecraft to leave our solar system Robotic Exploration Fact: Since 1977 robots have often been used instead of humans for dangerous and/or tedious missions . Voyager 1: First spacecraft to leave our solar system

Spirit and Opportunity Rovers Robotic Exploration Fact: Since 1977 robots have often been used instead of humans for dangerous and/or tedious missions . Spirit and Opportunity Rovers Used to explore Mars

Still active on Mars today Robotic Exploration Fact: Since 1977 robots have often been used instead of humans for dangerous and/or tedious missions . Curiosity Rover Still active on Mars today

Enrichment: Watch a Brainpop video about spaceflight Space Exploration and SPI 0807.T/E 1 to 4 Video Science Enrichment: Watch a Brainpop video about spaceflight Click on this link and log in: Brainpop website