Chemical Bonding Ionic Compounds

Review of the Periodic Table Each row is called a period. All elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals (or shells) Each column is called a group or family. All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons

Bohr Diagram Review Oxygen Sodium The Bohr diagram includes all electrons for an atom. They are divide on the different energy levels. Oxygen Sodium

Lewis Dot Diagrams Method of representing valence electrons Discovered by Gilbert N. Lewis Several examples include: Sodium – 1 valence electron: Na Nitrogen – 5 valence electrons: N Bromine – 7 valence electron: Br

Lewis Structures Ionic – show transfer of e-

Things to know about Ionic Lewis Dot Diagrams represent? Ionic compounds are made up of? The electrons are being? What is written first? Opposite charges will?

S.O.X’S. How to write a formula Overall net charge must equal zero. Ionic Formulas Overall net charge must equal zero. S.O.X’S. Symbols-> Oxidation # -> Crisscross -> Simplify Don’t show charges in the final formula.

Writing Formula Practice Potassium Chloride K+ Cl-  KCl Aluminum Bromide Al+3 Br-  AlBr3 Beryllium Sulfide Be+2 S-2  BeS = Reduce

How to Name an Ionic Compound Ionic Nomenclature How to Name an Ionic Compound Write the name of the Cation (Metal) first. It comes straight off the periodic table. Change ending of the Anion (Nonmetal) to end in -ide.

Naming Practice Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide CaS Calcium Sulfide Na3P Sodium Phosphide

Polyatomic Ions When you have a compound that involves more than 2 elements, you must look at a Polyatomic Chart for help. When writing formulas, keep these ions in parentheses. These ions will also have different endings (-ate) (-ite) Helpful for determining between individual atoms and polyatomic ions

Writing a Formula You need to determine if a Polyatomic Ion is present! Look at the ending of the name (-ATE) or (-ITE) What are some exceptions??? What if the ending is (-IDE)? What will you do then?

Writing Polyatomics KNO3 Aluminum Sulfide Al2S3 Barium Phosphite Potassium Nitrate KNO3 Aluminum Sulfide Al2S3 Barium Phosphite Ba3(PO3)2

Naming Polyatomics Look for more than two elements. That’s means a Polyatomic is present. Match up the polyatomics and write the correct names and ending straight from the chart.

Practice w/ Polyatomics CaSO4 Calcium Sulfate Ga(IO3)3 Gallium Iodate

Writing with Transitions When a Transition metal is involved in the bond, you must identify which form of the atom is bonding. These atoms can have different oxidation numbers. Look for the Roman Numeral in the name when writing the formula. The Roman numeral is the oxidation number of the transition metal.

Practice Writing Trans Copper (II) Fluoride CuF2 Zinc (I) Phosphate Zn3PO4 Nickel (IV) Oxide NiO2 (Simplified formula)

Naming Transitions When Naming the compound, you must balance the total charge, must be zero! Look at the Anion. Determine the total sum of the charge provided by the Anion. Look at the Cation. Remembering that the sum of the ionic compound must equal zero, determine the positive charge, and roman numeral.

Au2S Gold (I) Sulfide Co2O3 Copper (III) Oxide FeN Iron (III) Nitride Practice Naming Trans Au2S Gold (I) Sulfide Co2O3 Copper (III) Oxide FeN Iron (III) Nitride