Production of Sesame Oil Group 20 Golden Oil

Emma Huynh Preston Ji Charlotte Ntim Maame Sarpong Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

Outline A. Team members B. Summary C. Design decisions D. Equipment design E. Design norms F. Progress G. Obstacles

Golden Oil Project Produce sesame oil from sesame seed Produce via mechanical pressing following by solvent extraction Project scale: 10,750 tons/year, which is 1% of worldwide sesame oil production Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

Process Flow Diagram Team members Project Summary Design Decisions

Design Decisions 1. Production Scale 2. Source of Data 3. Harvest and Storage 4. Solvent Choice 5. Material Balance 6. Waste Processing 7. Operating Conditions Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

1. Production Scale Adjust the project scale from 62,000 tons/yr to 10,750 tons/yr Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

2. Source of Data Have difficulty to find data/info in South Sudan Data source is available in America Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

3. Harvest and Storage Assume 1 harvest per year 8,000 hours of operation per year Assume our products can be stored in bins/tanks large enough to hold 7 days of continuous operation Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

4. Solvent We choose n-hexane as our solvent Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

5. Material Balance Assume 49% of the oil is extracted via mechanical pressing and 49 % via chemical extraction Total of 98% of the oil is obtained Recycle ratio of hexane 20:1 Solvent to seed ratio 2.5:1 Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

6. Waste Processing 6.1. Solid waste: Rich in sugar and protein, good for animal feed 6.2. Fluid waste: Hexane purge stream, burn in furnace Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

7. Operating Conditions 7.1. Temperature: 50 ~ 90 ℃ Close or below the normal boiling point of hexane (86 ℃) 7.2. Pressure: < 1 atm Increase volatility of hexane for better separation Reduce the risk of a hexane (flammable) leak Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

D. Equipment Design 1. Grinder 2. Leaching Tank 3. Hexane-Oil Separation Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms

1. Grinder 1.1. Solid processing → no simulation available 1.2. Heat of friction A separate roaster may not be necessary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms

2. Leaching Tank 2.1. Original plan: CSTR + settler A continuously stirred tank followed by a settler (or a cyclone if necessary) 2.2. Latest plan: Crushed seed sent through showers of hexane Easier separation between the phases (ZFS plant tour) Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

3. Hexane-Oil Separation Problem: How do we model sesame oil? 3.1. Create hypothetical components Build molecule with UNIFAC model Input known properties Estimate unknown properties Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

3. Hexane-Oil Separation 3.2. Create component list Hexane Sesame oil → top 4 fatty acids (93%) Water(?) (Linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid) Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

3. Hexane-Oil Separation 3.3. Recover oil from solvent Multiple flash drums Distillation column Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms

3. Hexane-Oil Separation 3.3. Recover oil from solvent - simulation challenges Multiple flash drums Not enough surface area for good mass transfer Cannot get hexane free oil Distillation column Must heat to the boiling point of oil Does not converge due to lack of component properties Best model: reboiler + large flash drum Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

Design Validation Consult with our supervisor and industrial advisor Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

Design Norms For this project, we will focus on Transparency Stewardship Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

F. Progress 1. Mass balance 2. Cost estimate 3. Visited ZFS Operating conditions Equipment choice 4. Started simulation and modeling Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles

G. Obstacles 1. UNISIM simulation - not behaving as expected 2. Solid handling system - limited knowledge (Roaster, grinder, leaching, etc) Team members Project Summary Design Decisions Equipment Design Design Norms Progress Obstacles