Figure 3 Satiety, bacterial growth and satiety hormone release

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Figure 3 Satiety, bacterial growth and satiety hormone release Figure 3 | Satiety, bacterial growth and satiety hormone release. Meal-induced changes in satiety perception in humans (part a) temporally overlap with both nutrient-induced bacterial growth dynamics in vitro and in viscera in rats (part b), and with meal-induced plasmatic changes in intestinal satiety hormone release in humans (parts c and d). Release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1; part c) is associated with the exponential growth phase (Exp) and release of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY; part d) with the stationary growth phase (Stat). Figure 3a modified with permission from The American Physiological Society © Labouré, H.et al. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282, R1501–R1511 (2002). Figure 3b modified from Cell Metab. 23 (2), Breton, J.et al. Gut commensal E. coli proteins activate host satiety pathways following nutrient-induced bacterial growth. 324–334 © (2016), with permission from Elsevier. Figure 3c and d modified with permission from The American Physiological Society © Gerspach, A. C.et al. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 301, E317–E325 (2011). Figure 3a modified with permission from The American Physiological Society © Labouré, H. et al. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282, R1501–R1511 (2002). Figure 3b modified from Cell Metab. 23 (2), Breton, J. et al. Gut commensal E. coli proteins activate host satiety pathways following nutrient-induced bacterial growth. 324–334 © (2016), with permission from Elsevier. Figure 3c and d modified with permission from The American Physiological Society © Gerspach, A. C. et al. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 301, E317–E325 (2011). Fetissov, S. O. (2016) Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.150