20th Century China Ms. McCullers, Ms. Martinez, Mrs. Swan

The new Republic of China Nationalist Party ended Chinese Dynasty rule with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. Sun Yixian 1st President (1912-1925) Sought to end foreign control in China’s affairs Unstable times

Chiang Kai-shek Second leader of the Republic of China 1929 formed Nationalist Republic of China Civil War with Mao Zedong and Communist Party Dr. Sun Yat-sen Elected as President of the United Provinces of China in 1913 Helped to build up the Nationalist party and groom Chiang Kai-shek for his future role as leader of the party

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary 1921- One of the founders of Chinese Communist Party Led the Long March (1934-1935) 1949 Defeated Nationalist- created People’s Republic of China Chairman of the Communist Party (1949-1976) Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong-Man of the People Eight Points for Attention The Three Rules of Discipline ● prompt obedience to orders, ● No confiscation of peasant property, and ● Prompt delivery directly to authorities of all items confiscated from landlords. Be polite when speaking Be honest when buying and selling Return all borrowed articles Pay compensation for everything damaged Do not hit or swear at others Do not damage crops Do not harass females Do not mistreat prisoners

Nationalists vs. Communists 1927—Civil War breaks out between Nationalists & Communists 1931—Mao elected chairman of “Soviet Republic of China” 1934—Chiang Kai-Shek’s Nationalists successfully encircle Red army, Mao removed from power, Red army flees and begins Long March Long March ends October 20, 1935—Out of 85,000 initial troops, only 8,000 survived the march

The Long March

The Long March 6,000 mile trek of the Red Army of the Chinese Communist (chased by the Nationalist Party). Communist relocated from Southeast to Northwest. They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers. Marched without supplies- foraging and gathering 85,000 men began the trek; only 8,000 arrived 1 yr later in Yan’an.

Japan & WWII(1939-1945) December 7, 1941 -- Japan bombs Pearl Harbor August 1945 2 Atomic bombs dropped on Japan August 14, 1945 -- V-J Day (Victory in Japan), when the Japanese accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and unconditionally surrendered. September 2, 1945 - Day the Japanese delegation formally signs the instrument of surrender on board the USS Missouri, marking the official ending of World War II.

Rebuilding Japan 2 major reasons the United States helped rebuild Japan 1. Stop the spread of communism throughout Asia and promote democracy. 2. Improve Japan's economy in order to trade with them 4 major political reforms that occurred in Japan after WWII. 1. New constitution was put in place 2. Japan became a constitutional monarchy 3. Emperor was stripped of power 4. Women's suffrage (the right to vote) 3 major economic reforms that occurred in Japan after WWII. 1. Improve infrastructure 2. Becomes a market economy 3. Begins to invest in human capital and capital goods 2 major social reforms that occurred in Japan after WWII. 1. English becomes a second language for Japanese students 2. Japan begins to adopt US culture

Communist Revolution 1946-1949 Nationalist and Communist are side by side during WWII. The end of World War and the beginning of …CIVIL WAR! Chinese Red Army (Communist ) takes power from Nationalist Shanghai- 1949

The Communist Victory

How did they win? Mao won support of peasants – land Mao won support of women Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

The People’s Republic of China Mao Zedong announces formation of PRC on October 1, 1949 in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing Communist rule in China begins Wanted collective (Command Economy) ownership in agriculture and industry

Great Leap Forward, 1958 ● 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry ● Established Collectives ● Groups of people who live and work together to achieve production quotas ● Property held and controlled by government ● Ended after 2 years- failure ● Farmers missed owning land, produced less, no motivation to work hard ● Poor crops due to bad weather ● Famine a result