PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges Asymmetrical- no symmetry Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia Larger openings are called oscula Sponges are sessile Bodies completely lack symmetry Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton) Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization (sexual)

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata This phylum includes: Jellyfish Hydra Coral (Calcium carbonate exoskeleton) Characteristics: Radial symmetry Medusa- Free-floating, umbrella-shaped body (Lack skeleton) Polyp- Sessile, tube-like body Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging cells (cnidocytes/nematocysts) Asexual rep. (budding);External fertilization (Sexual)

Phylum Platyhelmithes Flatworms Liver Flukes, Planaria and tapeworms Marine flatworms Characteristics: Ribbon-like bodies Bilateral symmetry Branched digestive system No skeleton Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (sexual) Free movement Skin breathing

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms Characteristics: Flattened bodies Bilateral symmetry Many are parasites Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem Digestive tube No skeleton Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization) Free movement Skin breathinig

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Crop and gizzard digestion Bilateral symmetry Internal fertilization (sexual) Hydrostatic endoskeleton Muscular movement Skin breathing Leeches Used to be used in medicine to clean blood Earthworms Benefits: Aerate the soil Provide nutrients to the soil

Phylum Echinodermata Marine animals Radial symmetry Endoskeleton of ossicles Water-vascular system for movement Spicules- spike-like projections Tube feet- suction cups External fertilization (sexual) SEA URCHIN, SEASTAR, BRITTLE STAR

Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Bilateral symmetry SNAIL, SCALLOP Soft-bodied animals Bilateral symmetry Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs Mantle- Outer layer of the body No skeleton Radula- Tongue-like organ Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion Many have a shell to protect the soft body Univalve- One-part shell Bivalve- Two-part shell Sexual (external and internal fertilization)

Phylum Arthropoda Animals with: *most numerous phylum of all living organisms *insects, crab Animals with: Exoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Jointed legs- Bendable Compound eyes- Many lenses Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk Segmented bodies Head Thorax Abdomen Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax External and internal fertilization

Phylum Chordata FISH, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, MAMMALS Animals with: a true backbone have internal skeleton The major evolutionary innovation in this group is the notochord In all of the 50 thousand species, there are four principal features Notochord Nerve Cord Pharyngeal slits Postanal Tail