Methods of innoculation Streak plate method. Spiral method X-mus tree like Zig-Zag like Pour plate method. By inoculation loop. By inoculation needle.

Medium Design & Preparation Medium formulation is an essential stage in the design of successful Laboratory experiments, Pilot-scale development and Industrial scale processes. The constituents of a medium must satisfy : the elemental requirements for cell biomass the elemental requirements for metabolite production and an adequate supply of energy for biosynthesis and cell maintenance.

The first step to consider during media formulation is an equation based on the stoichiometry for growth and product formation For a general aerobic bioprocess: Carbon and Energy source + Nitrogen Source + 02 + other requirements biomass + products + CO2 + H 20 + heat

Importance of media The growth medium is formulated to maintain microbial growth for economic production of our target product. The design of media should be based on a good understanding of the relationship between microbial growth kinetics and product formation. The Choice of medium affect the activity at both Up-stream and Down-stream processes. A knowledge of the elemental composition of a choice of microorganism is required for the solution of the elemental balance equation.

Basic components of a growth medium The basic components of a growth medium which must be supplied in adequate amounts to support the desired cell mass and product yield are:- WATER ENERGY SOURCES CARBON SOURCES NITROGEN SOURCES OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS MINERALS and Chelators GROWTH FACTORS THE ADDITION OF PRECURSORS AND METABOLIC REGULATORS TO MEDIA BUFFERS ANTIFOAMS