END USER COMPUTING Critical Issues

Key Issues in IS Management Neiderman, Brancheau, Wetherbe, MISQ, 1991(Gray, et. al.) Developing an information architecture Making effective use of data Improving IS strategic planning Recruiting, and developing human resources Facilitating organizational learning and use of IS Building a responsive IT infrastructure Aligning IS with the enterprise Using IS for competitive advantage Improving the quality of software development Developing telecommunications systems

Types of Information Systems Sprague & Watson, DSS for Management, Prentice Hall, 1996 Type I (Procedure) High volume Low transaction cost Well structured Measurable Process & efficiency Data Clerical Type II (Goal) Low volume High trans. value Poorly structured Hard to measure Goal & effectiveness Concepts Mgrs, professionals

IS Development Approaches Systems Development Life Cycle Information Center (DSS) Object and Component

Type I Large Systems Intercommunications among applications Formal methodologies CASE technologies Purchased products Outsourcing

Type I SDLC Type I systems Large and Costly Cost justified Formal stages of evaluation Stages carefully reviewed and formally approved Data, Process, Communications

Type II Information Center (DSS) Type II systems Relatively small and inexpensive Value justified Prototyping and evolutionary design Data, Dialog, Model

End User Computing (EUC) End User Computing refers to systems in which the user does some of the programming. Arises from: Capacity of Computers Cost of Hardware Friendly Software Data Communications

EUC Issues Data extraction (warehouses) and availability System design and development Management and control New technologies: EIS, GDSS and Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Groupware

Prototyping & Iterative Design Data Trial Solution User Experimentation Revised Solution

Object Oriented (Event Driven) User owned Small and experimental Dialog driven, reusable code Combines data and process

Object Issues Reliability of tools and software Design methodologies Standards and portability Extent of value

Type I Design Systems Development Life Cycle: Formal development of systems in progressively detailed stages Initial investigation Feasibility General design Detailed design Implementation Maintenance

Type I Design:

Type II Design DATA MODEL DIALOG USER

Development Roles User Intermediary (Chauffeur) Builder Technical Support Toolsmith

Design Philosophy Functional Entity Dialogue Event

Distributed Management Business within a business IS internal partnerships Virtual organizations Outsourcing and consultants Personnel management

Ownership Data Process User Owned IS Owned

Information Access: IT User Partnership