Properties & Its Changes MATTER Properties & Its Changes

Lesson 1: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify the states of matter Compare the physical and chemical properties of matter Describe how matter is measured to calculate mass, volume and density

States of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The 4 states of matter are: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

What do the particles (atoms) look like in each state of matter?

Shape & Volume of Matter Type of Matter Shape & volume How are Atoms moving? Attractive force between atoms Solid Definite shape and volume vibrating Strong – holding them together Liquid Definite volume but no definite shape Sliding past each other Weaker force than solids Gas No definite shape and volume Atoms moving fast and free Very weak attractive force Plasma (Not in book) No definite shape or volume Atoms moving fast and free with an electrical charge

Writing Response What are some examples of each of the states of matter? What do you do to change a solid to a liquid? What do you do to change a gas to a solid? In which states of matter can particles move from place to place?

Physical Properties of Matter 1. Mass and Weight: Mass- amount of matter in an object Weight -the gravitational pull on an object 2. Volume: the amount of space an object takes up OR Displacement- Used to measure the volume of irregular shaped objects L x w x h = cm3

What is the volume of an object with a height of 2cm, a width of 2cm, a mass of 10g, and a length of 20cm? a. 40 cm3 c. 6 cm3 b. 80. cm3 d. 8 g3 A mineral is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 8.0 ml of water. The water level rises to 16.0 ml. What is the volume of the mineral?

3. Density: the amount of matter in an object divided by the volume. D = m/v Density of water = 1g/cm3 If density of a substance is less than 1, it will float If density of a substance is greater than 1, it will sink Temperature affects density: Temp. increases; density decrease Temp. decreases; density increases Salinity affects density: Salinity increases; density increases Salinity decreases; density decreases

Calculate the density of each object Mass= 6.50 g Volume= 1.25 ml Density=? Will the object float? Justify your answer Object 2: Mass= 8.65 g Volume= 9.50 ml

Object 1: Object 2: Mass= 6.50 g Volume= 1.25 ml Density= D=m/v D= 6.5 g/1.25 ml = 5.2 g/ml The object will not float because its density is more than 1 Object 2: Mass= 8.65 g Volume= 9.50 ml D= 8.65 g/9.5 ml = .91 g/ml The object will float because its density is less than 1

4. Conductivity: the ability of an object or substance to conduct electricity. 5. Boiling Point: the temperature at which the liquid changes to gas (Water = 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit) 6. Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid (Water = 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit)

7. Solubility: the ability of an object to dissolve in another Solute- the substance being dissolved Solvent- the substance in which the solute is being dissolved in. Water is considered a universal solvent. 8. Magnetism: the ability of an object to attract a magnetic force

Practice In the ocean, water is the _____________ and salt(Sodium;Na) is the _____________. The physical property of matter which is the ability of an object to dissolve in another substance is _____________________. The physical property of matter that is when a liquid changes to a gas is ________________.

Practice answers In the ocean water is the _solvent_ and salt (Sodium Na) is the _solute____. The physical property of matter that ability of an object to dissolve in another substance is _solubility____. The physical property of matter that is when a liquid changes to a gas is __boiling point____.

Identifying Matter Using Physical Properties. Density and Melting Point are good properties for identifying unknown substances because they do not depend on the size of the sample( the amount of the material).

Chemical Properties of Matter Chemical property: the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances Examples: Flammability: the ability of a type of substance to burn easily. Most flammable = Hydrogen (H) gas Ability to Rust(oxidize): the ability of a type of substance to form rust when it reacts to exposure of oxygen and water. Most likely to Rust = Metals with Iron (Fe)

Written Response What happens to the density of an object when you cut it in half? Give a situation where you would need to know whether a substance or object is reactive or flammable.

Lesson 2: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify the types of changes of matter – physical and chemical Compare the signs of physical and chemical changes of matter Describe how mass is conserved when a chemical reaction occurs (Law of Conservation of Mass)

Physical Changes of Matter A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does NOT change the matter’s identity is called a physical change. Examples: melting ice ripping paper cutting wood erosion of a boulder

Dissolving and Changing States Because the chemical properties of the substances in dissolving and changing of state stays the same, they are considered to be physical changes.

Writing Response List 3 physical changes for a piece of wood Explain why dissolving is classified as a physical change.

Writing Response List 3 physical changes for a piece of wood Painting Cutting it Sanding it Explain why dissolving is classified as a physical change. Dissolving is classified as a physical change because when substances dissolve, it mixes evenly into another substance, but the types and properties of the substance do not change.

Chemical Changes A chemical change is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into another substance with different chemical properties

Signs of a Chemical Change Formation of Gas Explosion(cumbustion) Formation of precipitate Odor change Color change

Energy and Chemical Change The Law of Conservation of Energy : energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed Some chemical changes release thermal, light, and sound energy.(Exothermic Reactions) ex: Burning Some chemical changes need thermal energy for them to occur. (Endothermic Reactions) ex: photosynthesis

Writing Response How are chemical changes different from physical changes? What causes a car to rust? Why is rust a chemical change?

Writing Response How are chemical changes different from physical changes? Chemical changes differ from physical changes in that a different substance is produced during a chemical change but not in a chemical change. What causes a car to rust? Why is rust a chemical change? Iron in the metal of the car reacts with particles of water and oxygen resulting in rust. This is a chemical change because rust is a new substance that is neither iron nor oxygen.

Law of Conservation of Mass Law states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the chemical reaction.