Identify: Articles of Confederation

Identify: Common Sense

Chapter 30 The War to End War

Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico Chaos in Mexico in early 1900s 1900-1930: 1 million+ immigrants to US from Mexico General Victoriano Huerta seizes control in 1913, Wilson does not support him

Moral Diplomacy Wilson sells weapons to rebels against Huerta Tampico Incident ABC Powers President Carranza

Pancho Villa

Causes of World War I Jigsaw

Alliances

Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary)

Neutrality Economic ties with the Allies

Economics American recession $2.3 billion selling to Allies when “neutral” Germany mad

Election of 1916 Woodrow Wilson (d) “He kept us out of war”

US Entry into WWI German submarine warfare Zimmerman Note Bolshevik Revolution

Submarine Warfare Jan 31, 1917: Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare on all ships Hoped this would take Britain out of the war before America joined Sussex Pledge Lusitania

Zimmerman Note German telegram: proposed a secret alliance b/w Germany and Mexico Leaked to Americans

Bolshevik Revolution “fighting for democracy” Russian Czar is overthrown

April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for a war declaration “a war to end war” “make the world safe for democracy”

Wilson’s 14 Points Address to Congress, WWI being fought for a moral cause 1. Proposal to abolish secret treaties 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Removal of economic barriers b/w countries 4. Reduction of militaries 5. Adjustment of colonial claims 14. League of Nations

Wilson primary source activity

American Life during the War Committee on Public Information George Creel Propaganda

Enforcing loyalty 8 million German-Americans in US Hysterical hatred of Germans

Espionage Act, 1917 Illegal to support US enemies

Sedition Act, 1918 Illegal to speak out against the government Eugene Debs imprisoned

Schenck vs. US

Law and Order: US History

Schenck v. US Landmark Supreme Court case Charles Schenck, Secretary of Socialist Party Protested the draft during WWI Arrested for violating the Espionage Act Appealed to the Supreme Court citing First Amendment

Instructions Examine your folder of evidence Decide Schenck’s verdict (guilty or innocent?) Cite at least 3 pieces of evidence supporting your verdict Present verdict to the class

Wartime Economy Wilson increased size of army, created shipbuilding program War Industries Board- 1918

Workers in Wartime Strike discouraged- draft unemployed males National War Labor Board AFL- supported war IWW- did not

1919 Steelworkers strike 250,000 steelworkers went on strike Replaced by 30,000 African Americans Hurt unions “Great Migration” race riots

Women’s Suffrage National Women’s Party: anti-war National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA): supported war Women worked jobs left behind during war

1920 19th Amendment: women get the right to vote!

Forging a War Economy Food Administration- Herbert Hoover “wheatless Wednesdays” “meatless Tuesdays” No ration cards Congress restricted the use of food to make alcohol

1919 18th Amendment: Prohibition, “production, transportation, and sale” of alcohol illegal

“Doughboys” Draft Act- 1917 Males between 18 and 45 had to register Could not purchase exemption or send a replacement Women and African Americans

Fighting in France Bolshevik Revolution- pulled Russia out of war

American Expeditionary Force American troops sent as replacements for Allied Powers France, Belgium, Italy, and Russia

1918 Allies unite 30,000 American sent to battle Germans on the “western front” Second Battle of the Marne: beginning of German withdrawal Germany surrenders on November 11, 1918

American War Contributions Food, munitions, oil, manpower 2 major battles: St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne German demoralization

Peace Wilson decides to go to Europe to help negotiate a peace treaty

The “Big Four” US: Woodrow Wilson Italy: Vittorio Orlando  Britain: David Lloyd George France: Georges Clemenceau 

Treaty of Versailles Land gets shuffled around

League of Nations Way to avoid another world war Wilson compromised on his other 14 points in order to ensure the creation of the L of N

Treaty of Versailles Forced on Germany Germany had to: Assume all responsibility for war Assume responsibility for war debts Demilitarize

Treaty in America Lots of Americans opposed the League of Nations Wilson campaigns across America to get it passed Suffers a stroke

Opposition in Congress Henry Cabot Lodge Article X 14 Reservations Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles twice

Election of 1920 Warren Harding (R) James M. Cox (D)

Harding wins Treaty/League of Nations dies

Effects of WWI America reverts to isolationism Germany is ruined, angry