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Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment History of Flight Revision 1.00

Heavier-Than-Air Craft

Map Reading Learning Outcome 2: Have an appreciation of the history and application of heavier-than-air craft

Objectives Describe the evolution of manned flight from kites to gliders to powered aircraft. 2. Explain why kites fly.

Heavier-Than-Air Craft 1000BC Kites flown in China

Newton’s First Law Every body continues in its state of rest or steady motion in a straight line unless the forces on it do not balance.

Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

How a Kite Flies Lift Total Reaction Drag Airflow Deflected Tension in String

How a Modern Kite Flies Lift Total Reaction Airflow Deflected (Higher Pressure) Low Pressure Drag Tension in String

Free Flight 1804 First Model Glider this lead to the Glider Above. Sir George Cayley 27 Dec 1773 – 15 Dec 1857

Lack of Power John Stringfellow 1799 - 1883

Lack of Power 23 May 1848 – 9 Aug 1896 Died in a flying accident. Otto Lilienthal 23 May 1848 – 9 Aug 1896 Died in a flying accident.

Engines The ‘Otto’ Cycle Gottlieb Daimler 17 Mar 1834 – 6 Mar 1900

Controlled Flight 17 Dec 1903 19 Aug 1871 – 30 Jan 1948 The Wright Brothers 17 Dec 1903 Orville Wright 19 Aug 1871 – 30 Jan 1948 Wilbur Wright 16 Apr 1867 – 30 May 1912

Controlled Flight Louis Bleriot 1 Jul 1872 – 2 Aug 1936

Man- Powered Flight

Man- Powered Flight 25 Sep 1925 – 28 Aug 2007 Dr Paul McCready Bryan Allen

Present Day

Present Day Boeing 787 Dreamliner Airbus A380

Timeline Design for Flying Machines Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519 Model Gliders & Man-Carrying Sir George Cayley 1773 - 1857 Hang Gliders Otto Lilienthal 1848 - 1896 Steam Powered Aircraft John Stringfellow 1799 - 1883 First Powered Flight Wright Brothers 17 Dec 1903 First Channel Crossing Louis Bleriot 25 Jul 1909 World War 1 Fighters & Bombers 1914 - 1918

? Timeline Development of Light Aviation – Civil Airliners Schneider Trophy, Gliders in Germany, Monoplane Fighters & Bombers 1919 - 1939 WORLD War 2 - High Powered Fighters and Heavy Bombers Early Jet Fighters, Rocket Fighters in Germany, Swept Wings in Germany, Early Jet Reconnaissance Aircraft and Bombers in Germany, Long Range Rockets in Germany, The Atomic Bomb. 1939 - 1945 Present Civil Airliners, Supersonic Fighters and Bombers Swing Wings – High Performance Gliders, Man Powered Flight, Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, Space Travel, Cruise Missiles, Unmanned Aircraft. 1945 - Present ?

ANY QUESTIONS?

Objectives Describe the evolution of manned flight from kites to gliders to powered aircraft. 2. Explain why kites fly.

Questions Who is thought to have produced the first Model Glider in 1804? Wright Brothers. Sir George Cayley. Louis Bleriot. John Stringfellow.

Questions Otto Lilienthal is known for? Building controllable Gliders, considered to be the forerunner of the modern hang glider. Developing the world’s first single cylinder internal combustion engine. c. Flying non-stop from London to Paris for the first time. Building the first heavier-than-air powered aircraft large enough to carry a man.

Questions Who was the first person to fly a powered aircraft across the English Channel? Orville Wright. Bryan Allen. Wilbur Wright. Louis Bleriot.

Questions The aircraft that won the £50,000 Kremer prize was called? Gossamer Condor. Wright’s Flyer. Gossamer Albatross. McCready’s Flyer.