Выполнила студентка 2 курса ОТиПЛа Вербина Елена

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Выполнила студентка 2 курса ОТиПЛа Вербина Елена Дхималь Выполнила студентка 2 курса ОТиПЛа Вербина Елена

Генеалогическая и ареальная информация Сино-тибетская семья, тибето-бирманская ветвь, дхимальские языки Говорят в 51 деревне на юго-востоке Непала, а также в Индии (Западная Бенгалия)

Социолингвистиичская информация Около 20000 носителей среди народа дхималь. Развит билингвизм и мультилингвизм: почти все говорят на непальском. Некоторые еще говорят на хинди и других языках. Вполне свободно передается детям.

Фонологическая система. Вокализм Передний ряд Средний ряд Задний ряд Верхний подъем i / i:/ĩ u / u:/ũ Средний подъем e / e:/ẽ ə o / o:/ õ Нижний подъем a / a:/ ã 6 дифтонгов: iu, eu, au, ai, oi, ui

Фонологическая система. Консонантизм Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m mʱ n nʱ ŋ Stop voiced b bʱ d dʱ g gʱ voiceless p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ Ɂ Fricative s h Affricate j jʱ c Approximant w wʱ l lʱ y yʱ Flap r rʱ

Тип выражения грамматических значений Синтетизм: cudur ca-li ma-sikaɁ-khe-na? snail eat-INF NEG-feel.queasy-IMPF-2 ʻDoesn’t eating snails make you feel queasy?ʼ Иногда встречается аналитизм: mha-manthu la. ABS-NEG.EXT MIR ʻThere isn’t any at all.ʼ

Характер границы между морфемами Агглютинация m ca-su-hoi-na? rice eat-COL-PERF-2 ʻHave you eaten?ʼ ahãɁ ca-na manthu-ga. rice eat-IMPL NEG.EXT-P.1s ʻNo, I haven’t eaten.ʼ Иногда фузия: ga:-li ‘cook (rice)ʼ ga: ‘cook (rice)!’ ga:k-aine ‘let’s cook (rice)’

Тип маркирования в именной группе Зависимостное: behai-beheni-ko gora parents.in.law-GEN alcohol ʻParent-in-law’s liquor.ʼ

Тип маркирования в предикации Зависимостное: amrika-ta khur-hoi m ca-khe? America-LOC hand-INST rice eat-IMPF ʻDo they eat with their hands in America?ʼ Но! Проявление вершинного маркирования: lo. ciu-pa-ã. come bathe-do-FUT.1s ʻCome, I’ll bathe [you]. ʼ

Тип ролевой кодировки Аккузативная: na- ∅ dzim-kʰe-na 'You sleep. ' 2SG-NOM sleep-IMPF-2SG 'You sleep. ' na- ∅ wa-seheŋ danai-kʰe-na 2SG-NOM 3SG-ACC beat-IMPF-2SG 'You beat him.'

Базовый порядок слов SOV tir-ka ciya ma-am-ã be.cold-NOM tea NEG-drink-FUT.1s 'I don’t want to drink cold tea. '

Письменность Используется деванагари, в котором, однако, нет специального знака для обозначения глоттальной смычки.

Некоторые особенности Комплетив выражается с помощью редупликации: gilas-gelai jha:-khe jhu:-khe. glass-PL wash-IMPF REDUP ʻThey wash up the glasses and such. ʼ Очень продуктивен суффикс –ka (номинализация): el-li to be good, pretty el-ka attractive, goodness

Некоторые особенности Морфологический каузатив (-pa, от pa-li «делать»): iŋko dada-heŋ nha-pa-su-ni. that e.brother-DAT dance-do-COL-POL ʻPlease get that older brother to dance. ʼ lem-pa-khe. laugh-do-IMPF ʻ[He] makes [me] laugh.ʼ

Глоссы 1 – first person, ABS - absolute negative, ACC – accusative, COL – collective, DAT – dative, GEN – genitive, EXT – existential, FUT – future, IMPF – imperfective, INF – infinitive, INST - instrumental, LOC – locative, MIR – mirative, NEG – negative, NOM – nominative, PERF – perfective, PL – plural, POL – polite, REDUP – reduplication, S – singular.

Список литературы King, John T. A Grammar of Dhimal. Brill Academic Pub, 2009 Karnakhar Khatiwada. Case marking in Dhimal. Nepalese Linguistics, 2013. Dr. Dan Raj Regmi et al. A Sociolinguistic Survey of Dhimal: A Tibeto-Burman language. A report summited to Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN), 2014 https://www.ethnologue.com/