Absolutism in Central Europe

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Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

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Presentation transcript:

Absolutism in Central Europe Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski

The Habsburgs & the Holy Roman Empire

Habsburg Family Crest

Austrian Empire: 1657-1718

Leopold I Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1658-1705) HRE Controlled: Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia, Hungary, Croatia, Transylvania, Netherlands, Lombardy & parts of German area

Schönbrunn Palace

Schönbrunn Palace

Schönbrunn Palace

Prince Eugène of Savoy: 1718 Military leader for HRE defeated Ottoman Turks Privy Counsel to HRE Negotiated Treaty of Rastatt w/ France Governor of Austrian Netherlands

Prussia & the Austrian Empire: 1721-72

The Hohenzollerns & Brandenburg-Prussia

Prussian Family Crest

Growth of Austria & Brandenburg-Prussia to 1748

Poland: Target of Conquest 1683 King John III Sobieski helped rescue Vienna from Ottoman Turks Elective Monarchy = Rule by outsiders Polish Diet crippled by Liberum Veto Resources, fertile land, no naturally defensible borders = target

Prussia: Frederick William “the Great Elector” Unified Prussian lands Royal bureaucracy Military buildup Obtained loyalty from nobility – the Junkers

Frederick I of Prussia (r.1701-1713) Formerly: Frederick III of Brandenburg (r. 1688-1701) Focused on Arts, Education & Culture

Frederick William I Created the modern Prussian State Nobility+ Army + Monarchy Militaristic Society

Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786) Developed modern Prussian army Became a successful military leader Invaded Silesia Gained Territory for Prussia Brought potato to Prussia An Enlightened Monarch

Frederick the Great & Sans Soucci

Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786)

Frederick the Great’s Court

Europe in 1740

The War of the Austrian Succession 1741 - 1748

Charles VI (r. 1711-1740) No male heir Pragmatic Sanction gives daughter legal right to succeed Approved by Hapsburg family & nobles of HRE

Maria Theresa of Austria (r. 1740-1780) Inherited HRE throne from Charles VI – 1740 Weak army + No $$ = target for aggression Attacked by Frederick II of Prussia 1740… lost Silesia to Prussia

War of the Austrian Succession

Maria Theresa & Her Family Her Notable Children: HRE Joseph II HRE Leopold II Queen Marie Antoinette (Fr.)