Datblygiad dynol gydol oes. Human lifespan development.

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Datblygiad dynol gydol oes. Human lifespan development. Uned 1 / Unit 1 Jean Jones Medi / September 2014

Llencyndod / Puberty Cam datblygu yw llencyndod sy’n paratoi’r corff ar gyfer atgenhedlu rhywiol. Puberty is a development stage, which prepares the body for sexual reproduction.

Llencyndod 9-18 oed Adolescence 9-18 years Children entering adolescence pass through puberty and become adults. Girls tend to enter adolescence slightly earlier than boys. Girls start menstruation between the ages of 12and 13 , but the normal range is up to 16. Boys usually start puberty between 13 and 15 years of age. Ym mlynyddoedd eu harddegau mae plant yn mynd drwy gyfnod llencyndod ac yn datblygu’n oedolion. Mae genethod yn tueddu i ddechrau ar y cyfnod llencyndod yn gynt na bechgyn. Mae genethod yn dechrau’r mislif rhwng 12 a 13 oed fel arfer, ond gall yr oedran ymestyn hyd 16. Fel arfer mae bechgyn yn dechrau ar y cyfnod llencyndod rhwng 13 a 15 oed.

Datblygiad corfforol / Physical development Mae newidiadau corfforol yn digwydd yn y cyfnod llencyndod oherwydd newidiadau hormonaidd. Oestrogen sy’n achosi’r newidiadau corfforol mewn genethod. Testosteron sy’n achosi’r newidiadau corfforol mewn bechgyn. (Mae’r termau allweddol wedi’u cynnwys ar daflen ar wahân) Physical changes in adolescence occur because of hormonal changes. The physical changes in girls are caused by oestrogen. The physical changes in boys are caused by testosterone. (See separate sheet for key terms)

Genethod / Girls Datblygiad bronnau. Datblygiad blew cedor. Haenau ychwanegol o fraster o dan y croen. Y mislif yn dechrau. Enlargement of breasts. Development of pubic hair. Increased fat layers under the skin. Start of menstrual periods.

Bechgyn / Boys Datblygiad y pidyn a’r ceilliau. Datblygiad blew cedor a blew wyneb. Cynnydd yng nghryfder y cyhyrau. Y lais yn torri ac yn dyfnhau. Enlargement of testes and penis. Development of pubic hair and facial hair. Increase in muscle strength. Voice breaks and becomes deeper.

Datblygiad deallusol / Intellectual development Yn eu harddegau mae pobl ifanc yn meddwl mewn ffordd fwy rhesymegol ac yn dechrau gweld pethau o safbwynt pobl eraill. Gall pobl ifanc yn eu harddegau ddechrau ymresymu fel oedolion, ond nid yw llawer ohonynt yn gwybod digon i wneud penderfyniadau da. Yn eu harddegau mae pobl ifanc yn datblygu eu syniadau moesol eu hunain am yr hyn sy’n dda a ddrwg. At this age adolescents think in a more logical way and start to see things from other people’s perspective. Adolescents may start to reason in an adult way, but many don’t know enough to make good decisions. Teenagers develop their own set of morals and ideas about what is right and wrong.

Datblygiad emosiynol / Emotional development Mae hwyliau ansefydlog, rhwystredigaethau ac ansicrwydd i gyd yn gyffredin yn ystod yr arddegau. Mae pobl ifanc yn ddechrau archwilio eu rhywioldeb eu hunain, gyda’r rhyw arall fel arfer ond weithiau gyda rhywun o’r un rhyw. Mae cael eu derbyn gan eraill yn bwysig i bobl ifanc yn eu harddegau ac fe allant ddechrau cymharu eu hunain ag eraill. Mood swings, frustrations insecurities are all common at this stage. Young people start to explore their own sexuality, usually with the opposite sex, but sometimes with the same sex. Acceptance by others is important and teenagers may begin to compare themselves to others.

Datblygiad cymdeithasol / Social development Mae cyswllt agos rhwng datblygiad cymdeithasol a datblygiad emosiynol. Mae pobl ifanc yn eu harddegau yn mynd yn fwy annibynnol o’u teuluoedd a daw eu grwpiau ffrindiau’n bwysicach. (grŵp cyfoedion / pwysau gan gyfoedion) Maent yn dechrau meddwl am swyddi, neu’n cynllunio neu’n ymgymryd â chyfrifoldebau swydd. Social development is closely linked to emotional development. They become more independent of their family and friendship groups become more important. (Peer groups/ peer pressure) They start to think about, plan or take on job responsibilities.

Tasg! / Task! Pwynt Trafod! Gweler y daflen ar wahân. Discussion Point! See separate sheet.