2-1: 1968: This Ain’t the Summer of Love

Objectives NAT 3.0 Analyze how ideas about national identity changed in response to U.S. involvement in international conflicts and the growth of the United States. NAT 4.0 Analyze relationships among different regional, social, ethnic, and racial groups, and explain how these groups’ experiences have related to U.S. national identity. CUL 2.0 Explain how artistic, philosophical, and scientific ideas have developed and shaped society and institutions. CUL 3.0 Explain how ideas about women’s rights and gender roles have affected society and politics. WOR 2.0 Analyze the reasons for and results of U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas.

Key Concepts The United States responded to an uncertain and unstable postwar world by asserting and working to maintain a position of global leadership, with far- reaching international and domestic consequences. New movements for civil rights and liberal efforts to expand the role of government generated a range of political and cultural responses.

Overview Instability Abroad Instability at Home Origins of Cold War U.S. sought to limit communist power Fluctuations between confrontation and détente Instability at Home How to pursue international goals while protecting civil liberties? New social movements divided the nation

Social Revolutions and Cultural Movements Student Movement and the New Left Counterculture Sexual Revolution The Women’s Movement National Organization for Women (NOW) Campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Achievements Affirmative action Roe v. Wade—abortion as right to privacy

Communique No. 1, Weatherman Underground Hello. This is Bernardine Dohrn. I’m going to read A DECLARATION OF A STATE OF WAR. All over the world, people fighting Amerikan imperialism look to Amerika’s youth to use our strategic position behind enemy lines to join forces in the destruction of the empire. Black people have been fighting almost alone for years. We’ve known that our job is to lead the white kids into armed revolution. Kids know the lines are drawn, revolution is touching all of our lives. Tens of thousands have learned that protest and marches don’t do it. Revolutionary violence is the only way. The hundreds and thousands of young people who demonstrated in the Sixties against the war and for civil rights grew to hundreds of thousands in the past few weeks actively fighting Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia and the attempted genocide against black people. The insanity of Amerikan “justice” has added to its list of atrocities six blacks killed in Augusta, two in Jackson, and four white Kent State students, making thousands more into revolutionaries…. Within the next fourteen days we will attack a symbol or institution of Amerikan injustice. This is the way we celebrate the example of Eldridge Cleaver and H. Rap Brown and all black revolutionaries who first inspired us by their fight behind enemy lines for the liberation of their people.

“Counterculture” designates a culture often in conscious opposition to the mainstream.

Civil Rights and Conflict Martin Luther King, Jr. Birmingham Campaign March on Washington Race Riots and Black Power Origins Leadership Riots Assassination of MLK

Vietnam War to 1969 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Escalating the War Controversy Selective Service Hawks vs. Doves Tet Offensive

Coming Apart at Home, 1968 Second Kennedy Assassination Election of 1968 Democratic Convention White Backlash and George Wallace Return of Richard Nixon