ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION The Body of the Speech

I. A college education helps increase your personal effectiveness A. A college education helps you improve your ability to communicate 1. College improves your writing skills 2. College improves your speech

ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS TEMPORAL/CHRONOLOGICAL E.g The Development of Language in Human Beings a. Babbling occurs around the fifth month b. Lallation occurs around the sixth month

SPATIAL - based on space - used to describe objects or places E.g. Touring Southern Europe I. Your first stop is Portugal II. Your second stop is Spain

TOPICAL - topics are divided into sub divisions E.g. Forms of Communication I. Intrapersonal comm. occurs within oneself II. Interpersonal comm. occurs between two people

PROBLEM-SOLUTION PATTERN -useful in persuasive speeches E.g. I. Two major problems confront elementary education A. Industry lures away the most qualified graduates B. Teaching is currently a low-status occupation Two major solutions to these problems A. Salaries should be increased B. Benefits for teachers should be made more attractive

CAUSE-EFFECT - useful in persuasive speech - to convince audience the causal connection existing between two events

E.g I. There are three main causes of hypertension. A. High salt intake increases blood pressure B.. Excess weight increases bp C. Anxiety increases bp

II There are three major effects of hypertension. A. Nervousness increases B. Heart rate increases C. Shortness of breath increases

SUMMARY Temporal: main ideas (MI) are arranged in a chronological order Spatial: MI arranged in terms of dimensions of space Topical: MI are itemized Problem-solution: MI divided into problems & solution Cause-effect: MI arranged into causes & effects

Exercise What organizational pattern would you use if you were giving a speech on the following topics? A. The layout of a football field. B. Five guidelines in finding a job. C. The process of elections in Malaysia. D. Why we need national health insurance. E. How baseball is played. F. How to apply for graduate school admission.

“WE CAN SEE THE PAST BUT NOT INFLUENCE IT, WE CAN INFLUENCE THE FUTURE BUT NOT SEE IT”