UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR PART 5: FINAL PHASES

Final Phases of the Civil War

Focus WHY DID SOUTHERN MORALE BEGIN TO SUFFER BY THE END OF 1862? SUMMARIZE THE REASON’S FOR THE NORTH’S ECONOMIC BOOM DURING THE WAR. WHY WAS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE 54TH MASSACHUSSETTS SIGNIFICANT FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS? WHAT WERE SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN DURING THE WAR? WHY WAS CAPTURING VICKSBURG IMPORTANT TO THE UNION? HOW WAS GETTYSBURG A TURNING POINT IN THE WAR?

Total War

Gettysburg Address pg 339 November 19, 1863 Ceremony dedicating a cemetery at Gettysburg Scholar, Edward Everett spoke for 2 hours President Lincoln spoke for 2 minutes, speech was known as Gettysburg Address Speech helped refocus Americans past the battlefield and more on their shared ideals

AP 1 In 1 sentence, explain the intent and purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.

Grant and Sherman November 1863, Grant and General William Sherman won a battle at Chattanooga, Tennessee This further weakened the South following Gettysburg and Vicksburg Spring of 1864, Lincoln turned to Grant for help

Ulysses S. Grant Small and unimpressive in appearance Early military career unimpressive Forced to resign in 1854 because of drinking problem Rejoined army at beginning of Civil War Impressed Lincoln with his victories in the West and desire to attack hard After Chattanooga, Lincoln named Grant commander of all Union armies

Grant’s Plan Attack Confederacy on all fronts Army of Potomac would try to crush Lee’s army in Virginia Western army, guided by Sherman, would advance to Atlanta and crush the Confederacy in the Deep South If successful, Confederacy would be destroyed

May/June 1864, Grant’s army of 115,000 men fought Lee’s 64,000 troops in 3 battles near Richmond page 344 Each battle, Rebels held their lines, Grant resumed attack quickly Thousands of Northern lives lost Grant called a “butcher”, but Lincoln continued to support him Grant said he would take all summer to fight if needed 9 months of fighting before closing off Richmond to rest of South Grant Acts

AP 2 Note to buddy. Describe Grant’s strategy to win the war.

Election of 1864 North was discouraged halfway through 1864 Neither Grant or Sherman were successful yet Democrats wanted peace with the South even though it would mean independence for the South Lincoln still determined to fight for preservation of the Union

Election of 1864 Summer, Lincoln’s chances didn’t look good In August, David Farragut let Union fleet into Mobile Bay, giving Union control of Gulf of Mexico September, Sherman captured Atlanta October, Union troops drove Rebels out of Shenandoah Valley in Virginia End of war in sight, Lincoln easily wins election

Shermans “March to the Sea” Sherman convinced Grant after capture of Atlanta to march to Savannah As army marched, it abandoned supply lines and lived off land Took what food was needed and destroyed railroads and fields Killed animals in effort to destroy anything useful to the South Known as Total War After capturing Savannah, turned north through S.C., planning to join Grant in Virginia

AP 4 1. Explain the significance of the election of 1864. 2. Explain the significance of Sherman’s March to the Sea.

Fall of Richmond Fall and winter 1864, Grant continued to attack Petersburg, outside of Richmond Lee’s troops defended the town, but sickness, hunger, casualties, and desertion weakened them April 2, 1865, Lee withdrew his troops Richmond fell on the same day

Fall of Richmond Rebel troops, Confederate government officials, and many residents fled the Confederate capital They set fire to much of the city before leaving to keep it from Union troops April 4, 1865, Lincoln visited Richmond and walked its streets

Surrender Lee tried to move his army west to join small Confederate forces blocking Sherman Union army blocked his route Realizing situation was hopeless, Lee surrendered to Grant at a small Virginia village, Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865 Page 348

Terms of Surrender Confederates had to lay down weapons, but were free to go home Allowed to keep horses so they could help take care of their families during the winter 3 days’ worth of food to be sent to later, Confederate forces surrender Lee’s troops Jefferson Davis captured in Georgia on May 10

AP 5

LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION LINCOLN WENT TO FORDS THEATER WITH HIS WIFE APRIL 14TH DURING THE PLAY, JOHN WILKES BOOTH SHOT AND KILLED THE PRESIDENT LINCOLNS DEATH SHOCKED THE NATION

AFTERMATH THE NORTHS VICTORY STRENGTHENED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATES IT CHANGED AMERICAN SOCIETY BY ENDING SLAVERY THE WAR ALSO DEVASTATED THE SOCIETY AND ECONOMY OF THE SOUTH

activity Killing Lincoln http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzTrKccmj_I

Learning Log SUMMARIZE IN YOUR OWN WORDS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED TODAY…. WHAT WAS GRANTS STRATEGY TO WIN THE WAR? WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF FARRAGUT’S BLOCKADE ON MOBILE BAY? WHAT WERE 3 SHORT TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR? WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE UNION MARCH ON ATLANTA? WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF SHERMANS MARCH TO THE SEA?