Progressive part method Whole learning Part learning Progressive part method Whole-part-whole

Presentation of practices

What factors could impact the choice of choosing a presentation method?

Factors to consider Experience of performer Complexity of the skill Ease of breaking the skill down into subroutines and then transferring it back into the whole sequence

Task: In your groups research the following information: Definition Ideal situations to use it Advantages Disadvantages

Whole learning Performer attempts the whole movement pattern after observing a demonstration or being given verbal instructions

Whole learning: Ideal conditions Skill is simple, discrete or ballistic, e.g. golf swing or throwing a javelin Subroutines lack meaning if performer in isolation Performer is motivated and pays attention Performer is experienced or approaching the autonomous stage of learning

Whole learning Advantages: Performer can: Disadvantages: Develop an awareness of the entire movement (kinaesthetic awareness) Understand the relationship between different subroutines immediately Experience the timing needed to execute the skill successfully Develop their own schema Disadvantages: It is difficult to use with complex skills It may be difficult for novice performers to execute initially It is not ideal for dangerous skills

Part- learning Performer completes subroutines of the overall movement in isolation before attempting the overall motor programme or skill E.g. triple jump, gymnastics routines

Part-learning: ideal situations The skill is complex The skill involves long sequences There are low levels of organisation Performer has limited motivation and attention span Performer is inexperienced

Part - learning Disadvantages Complex skills can be broken down into different subroutines and learned in stages Specific aspects of the technique can be modified It allows the performer to develop confidence when practising the skill It reduces the element of risk It allows the performer periods of recovery during physically demanding skills Maintains motivation as success can be achieved relatively quickly Disadvantages Hinders development of continuity and timing of the complete skill Reduces overall kinaesthetic awareness The transfer from part to whole may not be effective Highly organised skills are hard to break down Time consuming

Better when the performer is . . . Whole or part? A complete beginner Part Lacking in motivation Can concentrate well/ Able to consider lots of information at once Whole Experienced in the skill (is just trying to improve it) Highly motivated Has poor concentration levels Having problems with a particular aspect of the skill

Better when the task is . . . Whole or part? Low in organisation (easy to break down) Part Dangerous (e.g. front somersault) Discrete/short Whole Has independent sub-routines/serial skills/lots of sections High in complexity (difficult) High in organisation (difficult to break down)

Progressive part method Performer attempts the skill in stages and linking the phases together after each has been learned (chaining)

Progressive part method Ideal situations: Skill is complex Skill is serial Skill is dangerous Time is not a constraint Performer has limited motivation and attention span Performer is inexperienced

Progressive part method Advantages: Complex skills can be broken down and introduced gradually Novice performers can achieve success Performers with limited attention span can remain focused Development of an understanding of the relationships between the subroutines Minimises risk Transfer to the whole skill can be made easier Disadvantages: It is time consuming Performer may become too focused on one particular subroutine

Whole-part-whole Performer attempts the whole movement and then develops specific subroutines before completing the whole skill again Ideal conditions: When the skill can be broken down easily

Whole-part-whole Advantages: An overall feel for the movement is developed initially Success is continuous by developing the weaker subroutines Disadvantages: Transfer from part to whole may be difficult Some skills are difficult to break down as the overall timing may be affected